Thiosemicarbazone Complexes as Versatile Medicinal Chemistry Agents: A Review

References

[1] Al-Amiery, A. A., Kadhum, A. A. H., & Mohamad, A. B. (2012). Antifungal and antioxidant activities of pyrrolidone thiosemicarbazone complexes. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2012(1), 795812.

[2] Al-Hazmi, G. A., El-Shahawi, M. S., Gabr, I. M., & El-Asmy, A. A. (2005). Spectral, magnetic, thermal and electrochemical studies on new copper (II) thiosemicarbazone complexes. Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 58(8), 713-733.

[3] Anjum, R., Palanimuthu, D., Kalinowski, D. S., Lewis, W., Park, K. C., Kovacevic, Z., ... & Richardson, D. R. (2019). Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro anticancer activity of copper and zinc bis (thiosemicarbazone) complexes. Inorganic chemistry, 58(20), 13709-13723.

[4] Campbell, M. J. M. (1975). Transition metal complexes of thiosemicarbazide and thiosemicarbazones. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 15(3), 279–319.

[5] Dearling, J. L., Lewis, J. S., Mullen, G. E., Welch, M. J., & Blower, P. J. (2002). Copper bis (thiosemicarbazone) complexes as hypoxia imaging agents: structure-activity relationships. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 7, 249-259.

[6] Dogan, M., Koçyiğit, Ü. M., Gurdere, M. B., Ceylan, M., & Budak, Y. (2020). Advances in metal-based anticancer agents. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 26(22), 2718–2735.

[7] El-Shazly, R. M., Al-Hazmi, G. A. A., Ghazy, S. E., El-Shahawi, M. S., & El-Asmy, A. A. (2005). Spectroscopic, thermal and electrochemical studies on some nickel (II) thiosemicarbazone complexes. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 61(1-2), 243-252.

[8] Fernandes, P. D. (2013). Aryl- and heteroaryl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives and their metal complexes: A pharmacological template. Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery, 8(3), 213–223.

[9] Jamal, E., Siddiqui, I., Azad, I., Khan, A. R., & Khan, T. (2019). Thiosemicarbazone complexes as versatile medicinal chemistry agents: A review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 9(3), 641–651.

[10] King, A. P., Gellineau, H. A., Ahn, J. E., MacMillan, S. N., & Wilson, J. J. (2017). Bis (thiosemicarbazone) complexes of cobalt (III). Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer potential. Inorganic chemistry, 56(11), 6609-6623.

[11] Lawrence, N. J., & McGown, A. T. (2009). Medicinal utility of thiosemicarbazones with special reference to mixed ligand and mixed metal complexes: A review. Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 35(6), 401–414.

[12] Lobana, T. S., Sharma, R., Bawa, G., & Khanna, S. (2009). Bonding and structure trends of thiosemicarbazone derivatives of metals—an overview. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 253(7-8), 977-1055.

[13] Maurer, R. I., Blower, P. J., Dilworth, J. R., Reynolds, C. A., Zheng, Y., & Mullen, G. E. (2002). Studies on the mechanism of hypoxic selectivity in copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) radiopharmaceuticals. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 45(7), 1420–1431.

[14] Merlot, A. M., Kalinowski, D. S., & Richardson, D. R. (2013). Novel chelators for cancer treatment: Where are we now? Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 18(8), 973–1006.

[15] Mishra, D., Naskar, S., Drew, M. G., & Chattopadhyay, S. K. (2006). Synthesis, spectroscopic and redox properties of some ruthenium (II) thiosemicarbazone complexes: Structural description of four of these complexes. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 359(2), 585-592.

[16] Netalkar, P. P., Netalkar, S. P., & Revankar, V. K. (2015). Transition metal complexes of thiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, structures and invitro antimicrobial studies. Polyhedron, 100, 215-222.

[17] Palanimuthu, D., Shinde, S. V., Somasundaram, K., & Samuelson, A. G. (2013). In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of copper bis (thiosemicarbazone) complexes. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 56(3), 722-734.

[18] Pelosi, G. (2010). Thiosemicarbazone metal complexes: From structure to activity. The Open Crystallography Journal, 3, 16–28.

[19] Prajapati, N. P., & Patel, H. D. (2019). Novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives and their metal complexes: Recent development. Synthetic Communications, 49(21), 2767-2804.

[20] Seleem, H. S., El-Shetary, B. A., Khalil, S. M. E., Mostafa, M., & Shebl, M. (2005). Structural diversity in copper (II) complexes of bis (thiosemicarbazone) and bis (semicarbazone) ligands. Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 58(6), 479-493.

[21] Singh, S., & Singh, P. (2014). Biochemical study to thiosemicarbazone derivatives. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 5(9), 34–41.

[22] Stacy, A. E., Palanimuthu, D., Bernhardt, P. V., Kalinowski, D. S., Jansson, P. J., & Richardson, D. R. (2016). Zinc (II)–thiosemicarbazone complexes are localized to the lysosomal compartment where they transmetallate with copper ions to induce cytotoxicity. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 59(10), 4965-4984.

[23] West, D. X., Liberta, A. E., Padhye, S. B., Chikate, R. C., Sonawane, P. B., Kumbhar, A. S., & Yerande, R. G. (1993). Thiosemicarbazone complexes of copper (II): structural and biological studies. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 123(1-2), 49-71.

@article{1702305,
      author = {Dr. N. Y. Badannavar},
      title = {Thiosemicarbazone Complexes as Versatile Medicinal Chemistry Agents: A Review},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2020},
      volume = {3},
      number = {11},
      pages = {341-351},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1702305.pdf},
      abstract = {Thiosemicarbazone complexes, known for their significant versatility in medicinal chemistry, are a class of coordination compounds derived from thiosemicarbazone ligands that possess a remarkable ability to chelate with transition metals, and their extensive exploration has revealed their theoretical and conceptual potential to exhibit wide-ranging pharmacological properties such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, and antifungal activities, attributed to their ability to interfere with crucial biological pathways such as ribonucleotide reductase inhibition, topoisomerase II suppression, oxidative stress induction through reactive oxygen species generation, and interference with mitochondrial functions, which is further enhanced by the incorporation of various transition metals like copper, zinc, palladium, platinum, and iron, as these metals stabilize the ligand structure and augment their bioavailability, selectivity, and efficacy while minimizing off-target effects, with research restricted to September 2020 emphasizing that the structural diversity of thiosemicarbazones, achieved through ligand modifications such as the incorporation of heterocyclic moieties or hydrophobic groups, critically influences their biological activity by modulating metal coordination geometry, electronic properties, and lipophilicity, thereby optimizing their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and their wide applicability in theoretical models, including docking studies and QSAR analyses, has provided valuable insights into their mechanism of action at the molecular level, with conceptual advancements focusing on their dual role as cytotoxic agents and enzyme inhibitors, making them promising candidates for the development of targeted therapeutic agents, while their ability to form stable complexes under physiological conditions has led to their evaluation as imaging agents and sensors in diagnostic applications, and the reviewed studies, sourced from comprehensive theoretical investigations and reviews indexed in established databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, collectively underscore the necessity for further refinement of synthetic strategies and ligand design to enhance their specificity and reduce potential toxicity, with the theoretical framework provided by quantum chemical calculations and molecular modeling offering a deeper understanding of their structure-activity relationships, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to translate these findings into clinical applications that leverage their unique coordination chemistry to address challenges in drug resistance and bioavailability in the future development of advanced thiosemicarbazone-based therapeutics.},
      keywords = {Thiosemicarbazone complexes, Medicinal chemistry, Transition metal coordination, Pharmacological properties, Structure-activity relationships (SAR), Therapeutic agent development},
      month = {May},
  }