Advances in Cybersecurity Risk Mitigation for Autonomous Systems in Maritime and Intermodal Transport Infrastructure

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@article{1703001,
      author = {Francess Chinyere Okolo, Emmanuel Augustine Etukudoh, Olufunmilayo Ogunwole, Grace Omotunde Osho, Joseph Ozigi Basiru},
      title = {Advances in Cybersecurity Risk Mitigation for Autonomous Systems in Maritime and Intermodal Transport Infrastructure},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2021},
      volume = {5},
      number = {5},
      pages = {385-397},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1703001.pdf},
      abstract = {The rapid integration of autonomous systems in maritime and intermodal transport infrastructure has revolutionized operational efficiency, navigation precision, and logistics management. However, the growing dependence on digital technologies and interconnected systems exposes these critical infrastructures to escalating cybersecurity threats. This paper explores recent advances in cybersecurity risk mitigation tailored for autonomous maritime vessels and intermodal transport systems, including ports, railways, and logistics hubs. It provides a critical assessment of threat vectors such as GPS spoofing, sensor manipulation, communication jamming, and malware attacks targeting navigation and control systems. Additionally, the paper examines the role of advanced encryption, intrusion detection systems (IDS), blockchain technology, and AI-driven threat analytics in enhancing the security posture of these infrastructures. Real-world case studies and regulatory frameworks, such as the IMO?s cybersecurity guidelines and EU cybersecurity directives, are analyzed to demonstrate practical applications and policy implications. The paper concludes by identifying key challenges, including system interoperability, legacy vulnerabilities, and the need for standardized cybersecurity protocols, and recommends a multidisciplinary approach combining technical innovation, regulatory compliance, and continuous risk assessment to safeguard autonomous transport systems in an increasingly digital maritime and intermodal ecosystem.},
      keywords = {Transport infrastructure, cyber threat analytics, digital twins security, critical infrastructure protection, maritime navigation security},
      month = {November},
  }