Effects of Fractions of Methanolic Terminalia catappa Linn. (Green Leaf) Extract on Onchocerca volvulus by Modified Selected In- vitro Bioassy

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@article{1703273,
      author = {Akogu Okechukwu},
      title = {Effects of Fractions of Methanolic Terminalia catappa Linn. (Green Leaf) Extract on Onchocerca volvulus by Modified Selected In- vitro Bioassy},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2022},
      volume = {5},
      number = {9},
      pages = {327-332},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1703273.pdf},
      abstract = {Purpose: Adult Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis were introduced into fractions of Methanolic Terminalia catappa Linn (Tropical Almond) green leaf extract and observed for paralysis and death. 
Method: A total of 252 Onchocerca worms sourced via nodulectomy were used for the study from April 2018 to February 2019. Green leaves of Terminalia catappa were crushed and the phytochemical constituents extracted using 95% ethanol, then filtered and evaporated (Tabassam method). The dried extracts were dissolved in sterile dilution and prepared in T. catappa fractions of Methyl acetate, Butanol and N-hexane doses of 20mg/ml and 40mg/ml concentration. Six labeled beakers were used for the study and six worms assigned per beaker. A positive control beaker contained Albendazole (anthelmint) and a negative control beaker, contained saline water. The worms were observed for paralysis and death time as the procedure was repeated three times. 
Result: Ethyl acetate (20mg/ml) paralyzed the worms at 73?10.27mins and killed at 87?4.72mins. The 40mg/ml dose of ethyl acetate paralyzed the worms at 61?1.73mins and death at 75?2.08mins mean average time. Butanol fraction shows that 20mg/ml dose paralyzed worms at 92?1.52mins and killed the worms at 111.3?4.17mins while the 40mg/ml dose paralyzed the worms at 81?3.46mins and recorded the death at 102?4.80mins mean average time. N-hexane fraction of 20mg/ml dose paralyzed the onchocerca worms at 107?8.8mins and recorded the death at 131?4.05mins. And the 40mg/ml dose of n-hexane paralyzed the worms at 98?3.21mins and killed at 112?9.02mins. All results are statistically significant at P>0.05. Positive control (Albendazole) showed mean average O. volvulus paralysis time of 58mins ?8.96mins and death at 93.7? 9.59mins. The average negative control (saline water) showed a mean average paralysis time of O. volvulus at 154?5.97 and death at 235?4.21mins.
Conclusion: Conclusion is that ethyl acetate fraction is of concentration dependent anthelmintic effects on Onchocerca volvulus},
      keywords = {Terminalia catappa, Onchocerca volvulus,  Methyl acetate, Butanol,  N-hexane,},
      month = {March},
  }