Evaluation of the Bacteriological Quality of Sachet and Bottled Water Consumed in A South-eastern University in Nigeria

References

[1] Adegoke, O.O., Bamigbowu, E.O., Oni, E.S. and Ugbaja, K.N. (2012). Microbiological examination of sachet water sold in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. Global Research Journal of Microbiology, 2: 62-66.

[2] Aderibigbe, S.A., Awoyemi, A.O. and Osagbemi, G.K. (2008). Availability, Adequacy and Quality of Water Supplyin Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria, European Journal of ScientificResearch, 23: 528-536.

[3] Adeyinka, S.Y., Wasiu, J. and Akintayo, C.O. (2014). Prevalence of Waterborne Diseases in Nigeria, Journal ofAdvancement in Medical and Life Sciences, 1: 1-3.

[4] Ahmed W, Yusuf R, Hassan I, AshSraf W, Goonettilleke A, Toze S, Gardner T. (2013). Fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens in bottled water from Dhaka Bangladesh, Braz J Microbiol, 44(1):97-103

[5] Bernette, R.W. and Lancette, G.A. (2008). BacteriologicalAnalysis Manual, 8th Ed., AOAC International, Maryland:140-142.

[6] Birmingham, M.E., Lea, L.A., Ndayiminje, N., Nkurikiye, S.,Harsh, B.S., Well, J.G and Ijeming, M.S. (2007). EpidemicCholera in Burundi, Patterns of Transmission in Gadat RiftValley Lake Region, The Lancet Journal, 349: 981-982.

[7] Bitton, G. (2005). Wastewater microbiology. 3rd Edition. Wiley series in ecological and AppliedMicrobiology. ISBN 0471650714(2). 4.pdf.

[8] Chessbrough, M. (2000). Laboratory Diagnosis. District Laboratory Practice inTropical Countries, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press,London, United Kingdom; 143-155.

[9] Chessbrough, M. (2008). Parasitological Tests. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press, London, United Kingdom; 23-140.

[10] Codex. (2001). Recommended International Code ofPractice, Code of Hygienic Practice for Bottled/ PackagedDrinking Waters, 48, Rome: Codex AlimentariusCommission.

[11] Codex. (2009). Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), System and Guidelines for Its Application, 4th Ed.,Rome: Codex Alimentarius Commission.

[12] E.P.A. (2002). Faecal Coliforms in Biosolids, EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Washington D.C.

[13] Ebringer, A. and Wilson, C. (2000). HLA Molecules,Bacteria and Autoimmunity, Journal of MedicalMicrobiology, 49(4): 305-311.

[14] European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2010). ScientificOpinion on Dietary Reference Values for Water, EuropeanFood Safety Authority Journal, 8(3): 1459.

[15] Ezeugwunne, I.P., Agbakoba, N.R., Nnamah, N.K. and Anhalu, I.C. (2009). The prevalence bacteria in packaged sachet water sold in Nnewi, South East, Nigeria. World Journal of Dairy and Food Science, 4(10): 19-21.

[16] Farreira Jr., A.G., Ferreira, S.M., Gomes, M.L. and Linhares,A.C. (2005). Enteroviruses as Possible Cause of Myocarditis,Pericarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Belem, Brazil,Brazilia Journal of Medical and Biological Research 28(8):869-874.

[17] FGN. (2007). Legal Notice on Publications of the 2006Census Report, Federal Government of Nigeria OfficialGazette, 4(94): 1-8.

[18] Gleick, P.H. (2002). Dirty Water: Estimated Deaths fromRelated Diseases 2000-2020, Pacific Institute for Studies inDevelopment, Environment, and Security Report: 1-12.

[19] Hogg, S. (2005). Essential Microbiology, John Wiley andSons Ltd., England: pp 24.

[20] Hunter, P.R. (2007). Waterborne Disease: Epidemiology andEcology, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom:27-30.

[21] Ibemesim, A.O. (2008). Physiochemical and MicrobiologicalQualities of Harvested Water, AB Tech Citation in FUTO:2-16.

[22] Ibemesim, A.O. (2014). Comparative study of qualities of sachet and bottle water sold on the streets of Abuja, Nigeria, South American Journal of Public Health, 2(3):308-328.

[23] Jan, D. and Robert, L. (2002). Engineering in Emergencies.A handbook for relief workers 3rd Ed., ITDG Publishing,London, UK: 288-292.

[24] Jay, M.J., Loessner, J.M. and Golden, A.D. (2005). ModernFood Microbiology, 7th Ed., Springer Science/ BusinessMedia Inc., New York: 476-477.

[25] Kott, Y., Rose, N., Sperber, S. and Betzer, N. (2004). Rapid Determination of the Presence of Bacteria in Water: 484.8). Physiochemical and MicrobiologicalQualities of Harvested Water, AB Tech Citation in FUTO:2-16.

[26] Lehtola, M.J., Miettinen, I.T., Vartiainen, T. and Martikainen, P.J. (2002). Changes in content ofmicrobially available phosphorus, assimilable organic carbon and microbial growth potentialduring drinking water treatment processes. Water Research. 36: 3681–3690.

[27] Lisle, J. (2003). Bacterial Indicators of Drinking Water Portability in: An Operator'sGuide to Bacteriological Testing, American Water Works Association.

[28] Lorch, W. (2007). Handbook of Water Purification, 2nd Ed.,Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester: 66-72.

[29] MSF. (2006). Public Health Engineering in EmergencySituation. 2nd Ed., Medecins Sans Frontieres Books: 5-7. of Osun State University, Main Campus, Osogbo, SouthwestNigeria, Covenant Journal of Physical and Life Sciences,2(1): 69-73.

[30] NAFDAC (2003). “Guidelines for Production and Registration of Packaged Water: Newguidelines and regulations”. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control,NAFDAC, Abuja pp. 1-10.

[31] Ochei, J. and Kolhatkar, A. (2008). Medical laboratory science: Theory and practice. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishers, London, 345-380.

[32] Okojokwu, A., Inabo, I. (2012). Parasitological Evaluation of Wastewater. World Journal of Life Sciences and Medical Research;2,8

[33] Oladipo, I.C., Onyenika, I.C. and Adebiyi, A.O. (2009). Microbial analysis of some vended sachet water in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science, 3(12): 406–412.

[34] Ollos, P.J., Huck, P.M and Slawson, R.M. (2003). Factorss affecting biofilm accumulation inmodel distribution systems. Journal of American Water Works Association 95: 87–97.

[35] Omalu, I.C.J., Olayemi, I.K., Gbesi, S., Adeniran, L.A., Ayanwale, A.V., Mohammed, A.Z. and Chukwuemeka, V. (2010). Contamination of sachet water in Nigeria: Assessment and health impact. Online Journal of Health and Allied Science, 9(4): 1-3.

[36] Prendergast, M.M. and Moran, A.P. (2000). Lipopolysaccharides in the Development of theGuillain-Barre Syndrome and Miller Fisher Syndrome Forms of Acute Inflammatory Peripheral Neurophathies,Journal of Endotoxin Research 6(5): 341.

[37] Raji, M.I.O and Ibrahim, Y.K. E. (2011). Prevalence of Waterborne Infections in Nigeria. Journal of Public Healthand Epidemiology, 3(8): 385.

[38] Roivainen, M., Rasilainen, S., Ylipaasto, P., Nissinen, R., Bouwens, L., Eizirik, D.L., Hovi, T. and Otonkoski, T. (2000). Mechanism of Coxsackievirus-induced Damageto Human Pancreatic Beta-cells, Journal of ClinicalEndocrinology and Metabolism, 85(1): 432.

[39] Shear, M.A. Hussein, A.H. Chowdhury and K.Z. Mamun. (2005). Water sources and environmental transmission of multiple resistant enteric bacteria in rural Bangladesh. 89(3):297-303.

[40] Stoler, J. (2012). Spatial Patterns of Water in security in a Developing City: Lessons from Accra,Ghana. PhD Dissertation, San Diego State University and University of California, SantaBarbara.

[41] Svagzdiene, R., Lau, R. and Page, R. A. (2010). Microbiological Quality of Bottled Water Brands Sold inRetail Outlet in New Zealan. Water Science and Technology:Water Supply, 10(5): 689-699.

[42] Uemura, N., Okamoto, S., Yamamoto, S., Matsumura, N.,Yamaguchi, S., Yamakido, M., Taniyama, K., Sasaki, N. andSchlemper, R.J. (2001). Helicobacter pylori Infection andDevelopment of Gastric Cancer, New England Journal ofMedicine 345(11): 784-789.

[43] UNICEF. (2008). UNICEF Handbook on Water Quality,United Nations Children’s Fund, New York: 38-40.

[44] United Nations. (2012). The Millennium Development Goals Report 2012 - We Can EndPoverty 2015. United Nations, New York.

[45] WHO. (2004). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality.3rd Ed., Incorporating 1st Addendum, World HealthOrganization, Geneva.

[46] WHO. (2005). The WHO Report - Make Every Mother andChild Count, World Health Organization, Geneva. [cited Feb.2016].

[47] WHO. (2006). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 3rd Ed., Incorporating 1st Addendum, World HealthOrganization, Geneva: Available onwww.who.int/watersanitation_health/dwq/guidelines/en. [Retrieved Feb. 2016].

[48] Willey, J.M., Sherwood, L.M. and Woolver, C.J. (2008). Prescott’s Microbiology, 7th Edition McGraw- hill Company,New York: 978-982.

[49] World Health Organisation. (2010). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Incorporating 1st and 2nd Addenda, 1(3), WHO, Geneva.

[50] World Health Organization (2011). Drinking Water Quality Guideline 4th Edition. World HealthOrganization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. pp. 1-28.

[51] World Health Organization WHO. (2004). Water, sanitationand hygiene links to health, http://www.who.int/watersanitation_health/publication//facts2004/en/print.html. [Retrieved Feb.2016].

[52] Xie, F. and Yuefung, F. (2004). Disinfection of By-productsin Drinking Water, Formation, Analysis, Control, LewisPublishers, New York 2(2): 64- 66.

@article{1703642,
      author = {David Chinaecherem Innocent, Joy Ihuoma Afor; Cosmas Nnadozie Ezejindu, Chidozie Joachim Nwaokoro; Sophia Ifechidere Obani, Stanley Chinedu Eneh; Angelica Chinecherem Uwaezuoke, Advait Vasavada; Udoewah Samson Adiaetok; Promise Nwanyinma Uzowuihe},
      title = {Evaluation of the Bacteriological Quality of Sachet and Bottled Water Consumed in A South-eastern University in Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2022},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {647-656},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1703642.pdf},
      abstract = {The safety of water is an essential concern. Water is essential to sustain life, and a satisfactory supply must be made available to consumers. It is a critical requirement in the maintenance of metabolic functions and homeostasis (the ability to maintain stable body conditions) in living cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Bacteriological quality of sachet and bottled water consumed by undergraduates of Federal University of Technology, Owerri. A total of ten (10) water samples comprising five (5) sachet water and five (5) bottled water samples were collected from different locations. Standard microbiological methods were adopted in the isolation and identification of the bacterial isolates. Total viable bacterial counts ranged from 4.0 x 103 cfu/ml to 4.2 x 104 cfu/ml for sachet water samples and 8.0 x 103 cfu/ml to 1.2 x 104 cfu/ml for bottled water samples. There was no coliform growth recorded in all the water samples used in this study. Bacterial isolates from the water samples were; Corynebacterium species, Bacillus species, Proteus species and Pseudomonas species. There is therefore need to ensure good manufacturing practices by producers of sachet and bottled water samples so as to ensure potable water for the students in the study area.},
      keywords = {Bacteria, Bacteriological Water Analysis, Bacteriological Quality, Potable Water, Sachet Water, Bottled Water},
      month = {July},
  }