Impact of Solvent Relaxation NMR on the Stability of Creams

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@article{1707140,
      author = {Adeola Adenitan},
      title = {Impact of Solvent Relaxation NMR on the Stability of Creams},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {8},
      pages = {219-226},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1707140.pdf},
      abstract = {Stability is one of the primary issues with forming an emulsion.  An emulsion's stability is influenced by the density of the oily and aqueous phases, the dispersed phase's integrity, and the size and distribution of the particles in the internal phase. [1] Several procedures, including phase inversion, flocculation, coalescence, creaming, Ostwald ripening, and cracking, can cause emulsions to lose their stability and there is a necessity to develop non-invasive techniques to probe opaque systems. [2] This project was conceived to assess whether solvent relaxation Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a feasible technique with which to evaluate the stability of an emulsion using three different types of Tween non-ionic surfactant as the emulsifier (Tween 20 also called Polysorbate 20, Tween 60 also called Polysorbate 60 & Tween 80 also called Polysorbate 80), two different types of fatty alcohol (Cetyl alcohol and Stearyl alcohol) together with Rutile Titanium dioxide. The goal was to understand the impact of the Rutile Tio2 on any physical changes. The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence was used to quantify T2 relaxation time by measuring the R2 and R2SP of the samples. In all cases a rapid interchange water molecule was observed which is demonstrated by the linearity on a semi log plot of water-based system. A number of distinct observations were evident. For all concentrations between fatty alcohols the water R2sp and R2 remains constant regardless of the kind of Tween used, showing that the inclusion of Tween doesn?t impact the relaxation solvent systems. By contrast, aqueous systems with rutile show a marked difference as the intensity of waxes decreases faster than water. This work has shown that solvent relaxation can provide molecular level information on the structure of creams.},
      keywords = {Stability, emulsions, NMR, non-ionic surfactant, fatty alcohols},
      month = {February},
  }