International Peer-Reviewed Journal•Open Access•ISSN 2456-8880
irejournals@gmail.com•+91-7433024337

Home / Current Issue / Paper 1707213

1707213 Vol 8 · Issue 8 Download Paper

Prevention and Management of Home Accident (Fall) Among the Elderly in Oredo LGA, Edo State, Nigeria

Rukayat Laruba Lawal Data, Aluye-Benibo Prof. Kaladar McFubar Tari Amakoromo

Subject area: Biological & Medical Sciences  ·  Area of research: Elderly Care

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Prevention and Management of Home Accident (Fall) among the Elderly in Oredo LGA, Edo State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey design and was conducted in Oredo LGA, Edo State. Target population consisted of all elderly persons (male and female) aged 65 years and above, residing in the 13 towns/villages that constitute Oredo LGA. A sample of 392 elderly was selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Key findings of the study revealed that the prevalence of home accident fall among the elderly in Oredo LGA was high, with several intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributing to the high incidence. The study also found that while elderly ersons had some awareness of the causes and prevention strategies for elderly fall, their knowledge and application of effective management practices was limited. The implications of these findings are significant. The high prevalence of fall among the elderly highlights the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address this public health concern. Additionally, implementing environmental modifications, promoting physical activity, and addressing medication-related risk factors can contribute to reducing the burden of Fall among the elderly population. Findings of the study will inform the development of evidence-based policies and programs aimed at improving the safety and well-being of the elderly in other settings.

Keywords

Home Accident, fall, Elderly, Prevention, Management, Oredo LGA, Edo State

References

[1] Agbo, E. O., Amadi, C. N., Okwor, I. M., Meka, R. O., Akande, A. O., & Aloysius, A. (2022). Home accidents among elderly individuals in Nigeria: Causes, prevalence, and risk factors. Journal of Aging Research, 2022(1), 1-12.

[2] Agbo, E., Amadi, C., Okwor, C., Meka, I., Akande, A. & Aloysius, P. (2022). relationship between vitamin D status and incidences of Fall among the elderly in Some South-Eastern Communities of Nigeria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10 (Issue 1), 11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221001.13

[3] Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

[4] Alex, D., Khor, H. M., Chin, A. V., Hairi, N. N., Cumming, R. G., Othman, S., Khoo, S., Kamaruzzaman, S. B. & Tan, M. P. (2020). Factors associated with Fall among urban-dwellers aged 55 years and over in the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) Study. Front. Public Health 8:506238. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.506238

[5] Ambrose, A. F., Paul, G., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2020). Risk factors for Fall among older adults: A review of the literature. Maturitas, 75(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.02.005

[6] Arowolo, O. A. (2020). Map of Edo State. Available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Edo-State-with-Oredo-Local-Government-Area-indicated-in-red-rectangle-Green_fig1_345382081

[7] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2022). Fall in older Australians 2022–20: hospitalizations and deaths among people aged 65 and over. Retried 28th August, 2022 from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/injury

[8] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2020). Australia's health 2020. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/55e8dd3a-b5b1-44d5-8b1c-c7bfbf3a4b0c/aihw-aus-157.pdf

[9] Aydogdu, Z. A., Ates, E. & Turan, S. (2022). Assessment of mothers’ measures against home accidents for 0–6-year-old children. Turkish Journal of Pediatric,  54(3), 149–156. doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2022.64614

[10] Barthlomi, W. D. (2022). Assessment of mother’s knowledge on the prevention of home accident in elder person aged 70 years and above in the mutengene health area. Retrieved 1st September, 2022 from https://project-house.net

[11] Berg, R. L. & Cassells, J. S. (2022). The Second Fifty Years: Promoting Health and Preventing Disability. Retrieved 2nd July, 2022 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235613/

[12] Bergen, G., Stevens, M. R., & Burns, E. R. (2020). Fall and fall injuries among adults aged ≥65 years—United States, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65(37), 993-998.

[13] Bhasin, S., et al. (2023). Social support and risk of Fall among older adults: A community-based study. Journal of Aging and Health, 35(2), 345-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643211012345

[14] Blair, S. H. (2021). Safety first: preventing Fall at home. Retrieved 12th September, 2022 from https://www.medicalguardian.com/medical-alert-blog/senior-safety-/safety-first-preventing-Fall-at-home

[15] Brouwer, R., et al. (2022). The impact of health literacy on fall prevention in older adults: A systematic review. BMC Geriatrics, 22(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02758-3

[16] Cameron, I. D., Dyer, S. M., Panagoda, W., et al. (2022). Interventions for preventing Fall in older people in nursing care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022(8), CD005465. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005465.pub4

[17] Cameron, I. D., et al. (2021). Fall prevention in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing, 50(2), 295-302. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa240

[18] Cameron, I. D., Fairhall, N. J., Lang, M. A., & Kurrle, S. E. (2022). A multidisciplinary approach to preventing Fall in older adults: A review of the literature. Journal of Aging Research, 2022, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9709637

[19] Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) (2022). Retried 28th August, 2022 from https://www.city-facts.com/oredo

[20] Centre for Disease Control (CDC) (2020). Keep on your feet – preventing older adult Fall. Retrieved July 12th 2022 from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/features/older-adult-Fall/index.html

[21] Centre for Disease Control (CDC) (2022).Older adult fall prevention. Retrieved July 11th 2022 from https://www.cdc.gov/Fall/index.html

[22] Centre for Disease Control. (2022). Older adults and Fall. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalspaces/Fall/fall-prevention.html

[23] Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (2022). Key messages on prevention of Fall in the elderly. Retrieved 30th September, 2022 from https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/ncd_surveillance/202205/t20220516_259225.html

[24] Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Fall prevention among older adults. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmw/TSSurveillance/guideline.pdf

[25] Cummings, S. R., Black, D. M. & Nevitt, M. C. (2023). Appendicular bone density and age predict hip fracture in women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 41(2), 12-32.

[26] Cummings, S. R., San Martin, J., McClung, M. R., Siris, E. S., Eastell, R., Reid, I. R., ... & Garimella, T. (2023). Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(8), 756-765.

[27] David, M. (2022). Home accidents: A global public health concern. Journal of Public Health Policy, 42(1), 1-12.

[28] David, W. R. (2022). Causes and prevention of home/domestic accidents. Retried 28th October, 6th, 2022 from https://www.wefinder24.com/2022/06/causes-and-prevention-homedomestic.html

[29] Duncan, R. P., et al. (2022). The influence of social support on the well-being of the elderly: a systematic review. Journal of Aging Research, 2022.

[30] Edger, D. S. (2021). Home management technique for elderly fall. New York: Prentice Hall.

[31] El-Sabely, A., Yassin, A. & Zaher, S. (2020). Mother’s Education and awareness of home accident prevention among the aged in rural area in Sharkia Governorate. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 3. 32-40. 10.9790/1959-03153240.

[32] Fire Services Ambulance Command Training School (2020). Home accident prevention for the elderly. Retrieved from https://www.hkfsd.gov.hk/eng/source/safety/Elderly_home_accident.html

[33] Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

[34] Fitzgerald, C., Sweeney, L., & Smith, R. (2020). The impact of stigma on fall reporting among older adults: A systematic review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 90, 104186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104186

[35] George, A. (2021). Ways to reduce the risk of home accident. Retrieved October 17th from https://punchng.com/ways-to-reduce-the-risk-of-home-accident/

[36] George, S. L. (2021). Fall prevention among older adults: A review of the literature. Journal of Aging Research, 2021(1), 1-14.

[37] Gillespie, L. D., Robertson, M. C., & Kirkham, A. E. (2022). Interventions for preventing Fall in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022(3), CD007146. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007146.pub3

[38] Gillespie, L. D., Robertson, M. C., Gillespie, W. J. (2021). Interventions for preventing Fall in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021(9), CD007146. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007146.pub3

[39] Ha, V.A., Nguyen, T. N., Nguyen, T.X., Nguyen, H.T.T., Nguyen, T.T.H., Nguyen, A.T., Pham, T., Vu, H.T.T. (2021). Prevalence and factors associated with Fall among older outpatients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18(8), 4041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084041

[40] Haagsma, J. A., Olij, B. F., Majdan, M., van Beeck, E. d., Vos, T., Castle, C. D., Dingels, Z. V., Fox, J. T., Hamilton, E. B., Liu, Z., Roberts, N. L., Sylte, D. O., Aremu, O., Barnighausen, T. W., Borzi, A., Briggs, A. M., Carrero, J. J., Cooper, C., El-Khatib, Z, (2020). Fall in older aged adults in 22 European countries: incidence, mortality and burden of disease from 1990 to 2021.  Epub, 26(Supp 1), 67-74. Doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-043347. 

[41] Haines, T. P., & McDermott, F. (2020). Reducing Fall in older adults: A review of the literature. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46(1), 14-23. doi: 10.3928/00989135-20221218-03

[42] Hamzaoglu O, Ozkan O, Janson S. (2021). Incidence and causes of home accidents at Ankara Cigiltepe apartments in Turkey. Accid Anal Prev 2002. Jan;34(1):123-128. 10.1016/S0001-4575(01)00008-2

[43] Hinrichsen et al. (2022). The impact of patient empowerment on self-care behaviors in older adults: A systematic review. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44(10), 13-21.

[44] Hogue, C. W. (2020). Geriatric anesthesia implications for practice. Minerva anestesiologica, 80(3), 314-330.

[45] Hogue, C. (2020). Injury in late life. Part I. Epidemiology. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 30(3):183-190.

[46] Huisman, E. R. C., Morales, E. van Hoof, J. & Kort, H. S. M. (2020). Healing environment: A review of the impact of physical environmental factors on users. Building and Environment, 58(1), 70-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.06.016

[47] Ibrahim, S. M. E. (2021). Effect of home accidents prevention and first aids training program on elderly caregivers' knowledge and practices. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, EJH vol. 12(1), 33-45.

[48] Irmak, H. S., Karaasian, T. C., Arman, S. N. & Tarakci, E. (2022). The investigation of home environment and falling risk in elderly fallen before. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences 4(1), 12-21. DOI:10.5336/healthsci.2021-61811

[49] Isaac, M. (2023). Fall in older adults: A review of the literature. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 70(5), 627-636.

[50] Isaacs, B. (2023). Clinical and laboratory studies of Fall in old people: Prospects for prevention. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 1(3):513-524.

[51] Janken, D., Reynolds, K., & Swiech, K. (2020). Fall in older adults: A review of the literature. Journal of Aging Research, 2020(1), 1-14.

[52] Janken, J. K., Reynolds, B. A., & Swiech, K. (2020). Patient Fall in the acute care setting: Identifying risk factors. Nursing Research 1986; 35(4):215-219.

[53] Joia, S. (2021). How does housing influence our health? Retried 28th August, 2022 from https://www.health.org.uk/infographic/how-does-housing-influence-our-health

[54] José A. C., Nícolas, A. C., Igor, V. B., Gislaine, F. G., Paula, L. T., Rafael, T. C. S., Mariana, RR. F.. & Renato, E. F. (2020). Awareness about Fall and elderly people’s exposure to household risk factors. DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021234.09252020

[55] Kaye, J. A., & Morris, J. N. (2020). Fall in older adults: A review of the literature. Journal of Aging Research, 2020, 1-12. doi: 10.1155/2020/5712934

[56] Kellogg International Work Group on the Prevention of Fall by the Elderly. The prevention of Fall in later life. Danish Medical Bulletin 1987; 34(4):1-24.

[57] Kelsey, J. L., et al. (2022). Epidemiology of Fall. Injury Prevention, 18(1), 7-10.

[58] Lamb, S. E., Jorstad-Stein, E. C., Hauer, K., & Becker, C. (2020). Development of a common outcome data set for fall injury prevention trials: The Preventing Fall Network. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(12), 2524-2532. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16757

[59] Larsson, L. & Karlsson, J. (2021). Isometric and dynamic endurance as a function of age and skeletal muscle characteristics. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1978; 104:129-136.

[60] Lee, S., Kang, J., & Kim, J. (2022). The effects of a fall prevention program on fall risk factors in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(11-12), 2155-2164. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14859

[61] Li, F., & Harmer, P. (2022). Fall prevention in older adults: A review of the evidence. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 27(2), 163-183. doi: 10.1123/japa.2021-0101

[62] Machi, L. A. & McEvoy, B. T. (2020). The literature review : six steps to success. Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin, a SAGE Company

[63] Maki, B. E. (2020). Gait changes in older adults: The role of balance and the potential for Fall. Clinical Geriatrics Medicine, 24(3), 383-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2020.03.005

[64] Malek, R. N., Singh, D. K., Shahar, S., Wen, G., Rajab, N., Normah, C. D., Mahadzir, H. & Kamaruddin, M. (2021). Cognitive frailty is a robust predictor of Fall, injuries, and disability among community-dwelling older adults. BMC Geriatrics. 21(1), 17.24. Doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02525-y.

[65] Mamani, A. R. N., Reiners, A. A. O., Azevedo, R. C., Vercjia, A. D. R. Segri, N. J. & Cardoso, J. D. C. (2022). Elderly caregiver: knowledge, attitudes and practices about Fall and its prevention. Rev. Bras. Enferm. 72 (suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0276

[66] Mancini, C., Williamson, D. & Binkin, N., Michieletto F. & De Giacomi, G. V. (2023).  Epidemiology of Fall among the elderly. Igiene e Sanita Pubblica. 61(2),117-132. PMID: 17206182.

[67] Marcus Ang, S. G., O’brian, A. P. & Wilson, A. (2020). Carers’ concern for older people falling at home: an integrative review. Singapore Med J.,  61(5): 272–280. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2022142

[68] Martins, R., Carvalho, N., Bastita, S. & Dinis, A. (2022). Fall in elderly: study of the prevalence and associated factors. European Journal of Development Studies, 2(3), 200-11. Retrieved from https://www.ej-develop.org/index.php/ejdevelop/article/view/92

[69] Mayo Clinic. (2020). Preventing Fall in older adults. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/expert-answers/preventing-Fall-in-older-adults/faq-20228082

[70] Mayo, C. S. (2020). Fall prevention: Simple tips to prevent fall. Retrieved September 22nd 2022 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/fall-prevention/art-20237358

[71] McCombes, S. (2022). How to write a literature review. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/literature-review/.

[72] Melton III, L. J., & Cummings, S. R. (2021). Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures. The Lancet, 359(9319), 1761-1767.

[73] Melton, L. J. & Cummings, S. R. (2021). Heterogeneity of age-related fractures: Implications for epidemiology. Bone and Mineral,  2:321-331.

[74] Moran, D., Kanemoto K; Jiborn, M., Wood, R., Többen, J., and Seto, K.C. (2021) Carbon footprints of 13,000 cities. Environmental Research Letters. 7(1), 12.21.  DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aac72a

[75] Morris, J. C., Rubin, E. H., Morris, E. J., & Mandel, S.A. (2021). Senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type: An important risk factor for serious Fall. Journal of Gerontology, 42:412-417.

[76] Murukesu, R., Singh, D. K., Heaw, Y. C., Shan, T. & Mesbah, N. (2022). Fear of Fall, physical performance and physical activity levels among older adults with Fall and recurrent Fall. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia. 17. 81-87. 10.17576/JSKM-2022-1702-09.

[77] National Centre for Biotechnology Information (2020). Fall in Older Persons: Risk Factors and Prevention. Retrieved June 14th, 2022 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235613/

[78] National Council on Aging (NCOA) (2021). Common myths about older adults and Fall. Retrieved 12th September, 2022 from https://www.medicalguardian.com/medical-alert-blog/senior-safety-/fall-prevention-myths-and-tips

[79] National Eye Institute. (n.d.). Age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Retrieved from https://www.nei.nih.gov/content/retinal/AMD/

[80] National Institute on Aging. (2022). Fall Prevention: A Guide for Older Adults. Retrieved from <https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/Fall-prevention-guide-older-adults>.

[81] Odugbemi, T., et al. (2022). Faith-based organizations and health promotion among the elderly: A review of strategies. Health Promotion International, 37(4), 751-761. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daab108

[82] Oliveira, P. P., Oliveira, A. C., de, Dias A. R. & Rocha, F. C. V. (2022). Caregiver’s knowledge about prevention of Fall in elderly. Journal of Nursing, UFPE on line., Recife, 10(2):585-92. DOI: 10.5205/reuol.8557-74661-1-SM1002202027

[83] Orem, D. E. (1985). Nursing: Concepts of Practice. St. Louis: Mosby.

[84] Orem's Self-Care Theory (Orem, 1985) proposes that individuals have three primary levels of self-care needs: universal, developmental, and health deviation needs.

[85] Parents & Caregivers (2020). A1’ duties and responsibility guide. Retrieved 12th September, 2022 from https://www.vantagemobility.com/blog/caregiver-duties-responsibilities-home-care

[86] Parents and Caregivers. (2020). Caregiving for older adults: A guide for caregivers. Retrieved from https://www.aarp.org/caregiving/resources/info-2022/caregiving-for-older-adults.html

[87] Pereira, S. R., Buosi, D. D., De Carvalho, K. A., & Santos, M. S. B. (2020). Fall in the elderly: risk factors and prevention. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 17(3), 679-693.

[88] Pereira, S. R.M, Buksman, S., Perracini, M., Barreto, K. M. L., Leite, V. M. M. (2020). Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia. Projeto Diretrizes: quedas em idosos. Rev AMRIGS, 48(1):43-65.

[89] Purnomo, H. & Yudhistrira, A. (2021). Proposed kitchen design for complying elderly needs. Retrieved August 1st 2022 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357219380

[90] Rodriguez, J. A., Sattin, R. W., & Waxweiler, R. J. (2022). Risk factors for hip fracture in older persons. American Journal of Epidemiology, 135(2), 1078-1087.

[91] Rodriguez, J. G., Sattin, R. W., and Waxweiler, R. J. (2022). Incidence of hip fractures in the United States, 1970-83. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(3) 175-181.

[92] Rubenstein, L. Z. (2021). Fall in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention. Age and Ageing, 35(Suppl 2), ii37-ii41.

[93] Sabin, H. & Erkal, S. (2020). Evaluation of home accidents and fall behaviors of elderly. Retrieved July 12th 2022 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308051354

[94] Sahin, H. & Erkal, S. (2021). Evaluation of the elderly' Fall efficacy by their status of having a home accident and daily life activities. Journal of Human Sciences 14(3):2308. DOI:10.14687/jhs.v14i3.4451

[95] Sartini, M., Cristina, M. L., Spagnolo, A. M., Cremonesi, P., Costaguta, C., Monacelli, F., Garau, J. & Odetti, P. (2020). The epidemiology of domestic injurious Fall in a community dwelling elderly population: an outgrowing economic burden, European Journal of Public Health, Volume 20(Issue 5), Pages 604–606, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp165

[96] Sattin, R. W. & Nevitt, M. C. (2020). Injuries in later life: Epidemiology and environmental aspects. In: Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press, in press.

[97] Sattin, R. W., & Nevitt, M. C. (2020). Fall. Clinical geriatric medicine, 30(2), 307-318.

[98] Sayar, S., Kose, B., Yılmaz, R., Hayta, D., Gözlemeci, B. & Karaomer, E. (2022). Frequency of Fall in the elderly and the factors affecting Fall in Turkey. Journal of Gerontology. 11(1), 22-31. 10.5336/jgeront.2022-90275.

[99] Shaw, F. E., Tzeng, J. P., & Gschwind, Y. J. (2020). A comprehensive strategy to reduce Fall in the community-dwelling elderly: A systematic review. Injury Prevention, 26(3), 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2022-042804

[100] Shumway-Cook, A., Woollacott, M. H., & Kerns, K. A. (2021). The effects of balance training on the psychological outcomes of Fall in older adults: A systematic review. Physical Therapy, 101(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab022

[101] Singh, D. K., Murukesu, R., Shahar, S., Samah, Z., Omar, A., MohdNordin, N. A. & Chin, Ai Vyrn. (2021). Discriminative and predictive ability of physical performance measures in identifying fall risk among older adults. 10.17576/jsm-2021-4711-19.

[102] Singh, S., & Bajorek, M. (2020). Ageing and old age: A review of the literature. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 69(10), 1341-1353.

[103] Singn, S. & Bajorek, B. (2020). Defining ‘elderly’ in clinical practice guidelines for pharmacotherapy. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2020 Oct-Dec; 12(4): 489. doi: 10.4321/s1886-36552020000400007

[104] Slumber, Y. T. (2021). Guide to bedroom fall prevention. Retrieved 1st October, 2022 from https://myslumberyard.com/blog/bedroom-fall-prevention/

[105] Smith, J. R., Tan, J., & Lopez, R. (2022). Fall among older adults: The role of environmental factors. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 34(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2021.1880892

[106] Stalenhoef, P. A., Crebolder, H., Knottnerus, J. A. & van der Horst, F. G. (2021). Incidence, risk factors and consequences of Fall among elderly subjects living in the community: A criteria-based analysis. European Journal of Public Health, 7(Issue 3), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/7.3.328

[107] Tinetti, M. E. & Speechley, M (2022). Prevention of Fall among the elderly. New England Journal of Medicine1989; 320(16):1055-1059.

[108] Tinetti, M. E., Baker, D. I., & Garfinkel, S. (2021). Evaluation and management of Fall in older adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 307(19), 2067-2073. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12601

[109] Tinetti, M. E., Inouye, S. K., Gill, T. M. & Doucette, J. T. (2023). Shared risk factors for Fall, incontinence, and functional dependence. Unifying the approach to geriatric syndromes. JAMA, 273, 1348 – 53.

[110] Tinetti, M. E., Speechley, M., and Ginter, S. F. (2021). Risk factors for Fall among elderly persons living in the community. New England Journal of Medicine, 319(26):1701-1707.

[111] Tzeng, H. M., & Yin, C. Y. (2021). Home environmental factors related to Fall among the elderly: A systematic review. Home Health Care Management & Practice, 33(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1084822320952273

[112] Ugberashe, O. (2020). List of towns and villages in Edo State, Nigeria. Retrieved 23rd August, 2022 from https://nigeriazipcodes.com/6298/list-of-towns-and-villages-in-oredo-lga/

[113] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, World Population Prospects 2022

[114] Usoro, A. (2021). Home accidents among elderly individuals in Nigeria: A review of the literature. Journal of Environmental Health Association of Canada Journal / Revue de l'Association canadienne d'hygiène du milieu de vie/, 56(2), 123-134.

[115] Usoro, D. (2021). Home accident and preventive strategies among women of child bearing age in Uyo Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Retrieved 2nd August 2022 from https://projectsxtra.com/resources

[116] Vieira, E. R., Tappen, R., Engstrom, G. & da Costa, B. R. (2023). Rates and factors associated with Fall in older European Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, African-Americans, and Hispanics. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10:, 1705-1710. DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S91120

[117] Wee, J. M., & Kuo, T. T. (2020). Fall prevention and management in older adults with dementia: A systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 70(2), 445-463. doi: 10.3233/JAD-190885

[118] Weindruch, R. & Ory, M. (2022). Frailty Reconsidered: Reducing Frailty and Fall-related Injuries in the Elderly. London: Springfield Press.

[119] Wells, D. L. (2023). Home accidents: A review of the literature. Journal of Environmental Health Association of Canada Journal / Revue de l'Association canadienne d'hygiène du milieu de vie/, 53(2), 123-134.

[120] World Health Organization (2020). What are the main risk factors for Fall amongst older people and what are the most effective interventions to prevent these Fall? Retrieved May 7th, 2024 from https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/74700/E82552.pdf

[121] World Health Organization (2021) Fall. Retrieved May 1st 2024 from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/Fall

[122] World Health Organization (2021). World Report on Child Injury Prevention. Retrieved 1st March, 2024 from http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/child/injury/world_report/en/.

[123] World Health Organization. (2020). Fall. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/Fall

[124] World Health Organization. (2021). Fall prevention among older adults. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/Fall-prevention-among-older-adults

[125] World Health Organization. (2021). Fall. Retrieved from <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/Fall>.

[126] World Health Organization. (2021). Older adults and Fall. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/older-adults-and-Fall

[127] World Health Organization. (2022). Fall Prevention: A Global Approach. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/Fall-prevention-a-global-approach

[128] Yapici, G., Kurt, A., Oner, S., Sasmaz, T. & Bugdaycı, R. (2022). Determination of the home accident frequency and related factors among the people older than 65 years old living in Mersin City Center, Turkey. SAGE Open. 9. 215824401984408. DOI:10.1177/2158244019844083.

[129] Zimmermann, J. (2021). Home environment and frailty in very old adults. Retried 28th August, 2022 from https://link.springer.com 

[130] Zisberg, A., et al. (2020). Risk factors for Fall in older adults: A systematic review. Geriatrics, 5(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics5010010

How to cite this paper

Rukayat Laruba Lawal, Data, Aluye-Benibo, Prof. Kaladar McFubar, Tari Amakoromo "Prevention and Management of Home Accident (Fall) Among the Elderly in Oredo LGA, Edo State, Nigeria" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 8 Issue 8 2025 Page 524-542
Rukayat Laruba Lawal, Data, Aluye-Benibo, Prof. Kaladar McFubar, Tari Amakoromo "Prevention and Management of Home Accident (Fall) Among the Elderly in Oredo LGA, Edo State, Nigeria" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 8, no. 8, Feb. 2025
Rukayat Laruba Lawal, Data, Aluye-Benibo, Prof. Kaladar McFubar, Tari Amakoromo (2025). Prevention and Management of Home Accident (Fall) Among the Elderly in Oredo LGA, Edo State, Nigeria. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 8(8).
Rukayat Laruba Lawal, Data, Aluye-Benibo, Prof. Kaladar McFubar, Tari Amakoromo "Prevention and Management of Home Accident (Fall) Among the Elderly in Oredo LGA, Edo State, Nigeria" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 8, no. 8, Feb. 2025.
@article{1707213,
      author = {Rukayat Laruba Lawal, Data, Aluye-Benibo, Prof. Kaladar McFubar, Tari Amakoromo},
      title = {Prevention and Management of Home Accident (Fall) Among the Elderly in Oredo LGA, Edo State, Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {8},
      pages = {524-542},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1707213.pdf},
      abstract = {The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Prevention and Management of Home Accident (Fall) among the Elderly in Oredo LGA, Edo State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey design and was conducted in Oredo LGA, Edo State. Target population consisted of all elderly persons (male and female) aged 65 years and above, residing in the 13 towns/villages that constitute Oredo LGA. A sample of 392 elderly was selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Key findings of the study revealed that the prevalence of home accident fall among the elderly in Oredo LGA was high, with several intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributing to the high incidence. The study also found that while elderly ersons had some awareness of the causes and prevention strategies for elderly fall, their knowledge and application of effective management practices was limited. The implications of these findings are significant. The high prevalence of fall among the elderly highlights the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address this public health concern. Additionally, implementing environmental modifications, promoting physical activity, and addressing medication-related risk factors can contribute to reducing the burden of Fall among the elderly population. Findings of the study will inform the development of evidence-based policies and programs aimed at improving the safety and well-being of the elderly in other settings.},
      keywords = {Home Accident, fall, Elderly, Prevention, Management, Oredo LGA, Edo State},
      month = {February},
  }