Modelling the Accumulation of Radiation Dose over Time from a Decaying Radioactive Source and its Implication for Health and Safety.

References

[1] Boos J, Meineke A, Bethge OT, et al. Dose monitoring in radiology departments: status quo and future perspectives. Rofo 2016; 188: 443- 450.

[2] International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEA Safety Standards for protecting people and the environment. General Safety Guide No. GSG-7, 2018. Available at: https://www- pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1785_we b.pdf.

[3] Kang KW. History and organizations for radiological protection. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31 Suppl 1: S4-S5.

[4] Clarke RH, Valentin J. The history of ICRP and the evolution of its policies. Ann ICRP 2009; 39: 75-110.

[5] European Society of Radiology. Summary of the European Directive 2013/59/Euratom: essentials for health professionals in radiology. Insights Imaging 2015; 6: 411-417.

[6] Niebuhr, M., Rühle, M., & Müller, M. (2021). Biologically equivalent dose (bEQDd) model and its application to hypofractionated treatments. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 111(3), S54-S55. https://

[7] Vassiliev, O. N. (2022). Accumulation of sublethal radiation damage and its effect on cell survival. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 68(1), 015004. https:// 6560/aca5e7

[8] Kuo, L., Hu, Y.C., Ballangrud, A., Deasy, J.O., Zhang, P., & Cervino, L.I. (2021). Estimating cumulative radiation dose to organs at risk for Glioblastoma Multiforme cases via a radiotherapy dose accumulation routine. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 111(3), S54-S55. https://

[9] Tangsiwong, T., Phewplung, T., & Trinavarat, P. (2021). Factors affecting high cumulative radiation exposure from pediatric computed tomography. Polish Journal of Radiology, 86, 455-460. https://

[10] Ginn, J. et al. (2024). A Dose Accumulation Assessment of Alignment Errors During Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy. Practical Radiation Oncology, 14(4), e283- e290. https://

[11] Wong-Siegel, J. R., Glatz, A. C., McCracken, C., Lee, C., Kitahara, C. M., Veiga, L. H. S., Zhang, Y., Goldstein, B. H., Petit, C. J., Qureshi, A. M., Nicholson, G. T. III, Law, M. A., Meadows, J., Shahanavaz, S., O’Byrne, M. L., Batlivala, S. P., Pettus, J., Beshish, A., Mascio, C. E., ... Zampi, J. D. (2024). Cumulative radiation exposure and lifetime cancer risk in patients with tetralogy of Fallot requiring early intervention. JACC: Advances, 3(10), 101239. https://

[12] Mohammed, M., Musa, A., Odoh, E. O., & Yerima, J. B. (2024). Assessment of occupational dose level from conventional X- ray on personnel in Federal Medical Center, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 10(2c) . https://

[13] Bryant, J. M., Cruz-Chamorro, R. J., Gan, A., Liveringhouse, C., Weygand, J., Nguyen, A., Keit, E., Sandoval, M. L., Sim, A. J., Perez, B. A., Dilling, T. J., Redler, G., Andreozzi, J., Nardella, L., Naghavi, A. O., Feygelman, V., Latifi, K., & Rosenberg, S. A. (2024). Structure- specific rigid dose accumulation dosimetric analysis of ablative stereotactic MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy in ultracentral lung lesions. Communications Medicine, 4, Article 96. https://

[14] Hardcastle, N., Vasquez Osorio, E., Jackson, A., West, N. S., Zailaa, A., Appelt, A. L., & others. (2024). Multi-centre evaluation of variation in cumulative dose assessment in reirradiation scenarios. Radiotherapy & Oncology, 194, 110184. https://

[15] He, S., Wirth, B. D., Snead, L., Trelewicz, J. R., Katoh, Y., Zinkle, S. J., & Marian, J. (2024). Simulations of radiation damage accumulation in Fe-9Cr under pulsed irradiation conditions representative of inertial fusion energy. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 601, 155325. https://

[16] Kim, G., Lee, M., Jung, Y., Yoon, E., & Ahn, S. (2024). Simulation of radiation damage and He accumulation induced by ¹⁰B(n, α)⁷Li reactions in Al-B₄C neutron absorbers used in spent fuel pools. International Journal of Energy Research. https://

[17] Guo, M., Wu, F., Hu, J., & Wang, M. (2021). Estimation and simulation of human exposure dose based on dynamic radiation field. Energy Reports, 7(Suppl. 7), 814 -821. https://

[18] Abolfath, R., Afshordi, N., Rahvar, S., van Duin, A. C. T., Rädler, M., Taleei, R., Parodi, K., Lascaud, J., & Mohan, R. (2024). A molecular dynamics simulation framework for investigating ionizing radiation-induced nano- bubble interactions at ultra-high dose rates. The European Physical Journal D, 78, Article 141. https://

[19] Cella, L., Monti, S., Pacelli, R., & Palma, G. (2024). Modeling frameworks for radiation- induced lymphopenia: A critical review. Radiotherapy & Oncology, 190, 110041. https://

[20] Ramoisiaux, E., Hernalsteens, C., Tesse, R., Gnacadja, E., Pauly, N., & Stichelbaut, F. (2023). Ambient dose simulation of the ProtherWal proton therapy centre radioactive shielding decay using BDSIM and FISPACT-II. EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies, 9, 27. https://

[21] Młynarczyk, D., Puig, P., Armero, C., Gómez- Rubio, V., Barquinero, J. F., & Pujol-Canadell, M. (2022). Radiation dose estimation with time- since-exposure uncertainty using the γ-H2AX biomarker. Scientific Reports, 12, 19877. https://

[22] Okedeyi, S. A., Kayode, Y. O., Joshua, A., Atilade, A. O., Ikuemonisan, F. E., Ajose, A. S., Kasika, F. A., Odubote, B. O., & Ejire- Adedolapo, B. A. (2024). Assessing annual exposure dose and other radiological parameters from cosmic radiation among flight crews in Nigerian local airline. FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 8(1) , 183 –189. https://

[23] D. Laurier, Y. Billarand, D. Klokov, and K. Leuraud, "The scientific basis for the use of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model at low doses and dose rates in radiological protection," J. Radiol. Prot., vol. 43, no. 2, p. 024003, 2023.

@article{1707370,
      author = {Emmanuel Wisdom Obinor, Ishima Ifeoma Elsa, Ndupu Christian Avwerosuoghene},
      title = {Modelling the Accumulation of Radiation Dose over Time from a Decaying Radioactive Source and its Implication for Health and Safety.},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {9},
      pages = {37-45},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1707370.pdf},
      abstract = {This study investigates the accumulation of radiation dose over time in the presence of radioactive decay, analyzing the impact of half-life, initial dose rate, and decay constant on exposure levels. Using an analytical modeling approach, the research explores both short-term and long-term dose accumulation, highlighting key differences in radiation risk profiles. The findings indicate that sources with shorter half-lives cause rapid initial dose accumulation but stabilize quickly, whereas longer half-life sources contribute to prolonged radiation exposure. Sensitivity analysis reveals that variations in the initial dose rate significantly affect long-term exposure levels, while decay constants influence the rate at which radiation stabilizes. The study underscores the importance of managing these factors to minimize radiation risks posesand improve safety protocols in occupational and environmental settings. These insights are crucial for optimizing radiation protection strategies, ensuring controlled exposure, and mitigating long-term health effects.},
      keywords = {Decay constant, Half-life, Radiation dose accumulation, Radiation protection, Sensitivity analysis},
      month = {March},
  }