A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Use of undefined constant REF_SOFFICE_BIN - assumed 'REF_SOFFICE_BIN' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP)

Filename: controllers/New_pages.php

Line Number: 938

Backtrace:

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/application/controllers/New_pages.php
Line: 938
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/application/controllers/New_pages.php
Line: 892
Function: locate_soffice

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/application/controllers/New_pages.php
Line: 741
Function: convert_doc_to_docx

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/application/controllers/New_pages.php
Line: 123
Function: extract_sections_data

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Use of undefined constant REF_SOFFICE_BIN - assumed 'REF_SOFFICE_BIN' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP)

Filename: controllers/New_pages.php

Line Number: 938

Backtrace:

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/application/controllers/New_pages.php
Line: 938
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/application/controllers/New_pages.php
Line: 892
Function: locate_soffice

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/application/controllers/New_pages.php
Line: 741
Function: convert_doc_to_docx

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/application/controllers/New_pages.php
Line: 123
Function: extract_sections_data

File: /home/u640135541/domains/irejournals.com/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

Generative Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Automated Image-Based Pneumonia Diagnosis
International Peer-Reviewed Journal•Open Access•ISSN 2456-8880
irejournals@gmail.com•+91-7433024337

Home / Current Issue / Paper 1707509

1707509 Vol 8 · Issue 9 Download Paper

Generative Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Automated Image-Based Pneumonia Diagnosis

Frank Edughom Ekpar

Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology  ·  Area of research: Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Engineering

Abstract

Prompt engineering is leveraged to get generative artificial intelligence systems such as large language models to proffer steps for the development of a system for automated image-based diagnosis of pneumonia using two-dimensional convolutional neural networks. An initial prompt is utilized to get the large language model to divulge the general design of the system. The initial response of the generative artificial intelligence system is then followed up by a prompt that precipitates the generation of specific instructions and source code for the construction, training and testing of convolutional neural networks that are cognizant of the nature of the datasets employed. The trained artificial intelligence models could be adapted through refinements in robustness and performance for incorporation as automated image-based pneumonia detection modules into a comprehensive artificial intelligence-driven healthcare system.

Keywords

Pneumonia, Automated Pneumonia Diagnosis, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Generative Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Model (LLM), ChatGPT, DeepSeek, TensorFlow, Healthcare System.

References

[1] World Health Organization (WHO) – Pneumonia: https://www.who.int/health-topics/pneumonia#tab=tab_1. Retrieved (2025).

[2] World Health Organization (WHO) – Pneumonia in children: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia. Retrieved (2025).

[3] Nomura, A., Noguchi, M., Kometani, M., Furukawa, K., Yoneda, T. Artificial Intelligence in Current Diabetes Management and Prediction, Curr Diab Rep. 21(12):61 (2021).

[4] Kumar, Y., Koul, A., Singla, R., Ijaz, M. F. Artificial intelligence in disease diagnosis: a systematic literature review, synthesizing framework and future research agenda, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 14:8459–8486 (2023).

[5] Ansari, S., Shafi, I., Ansari, A., Ahmad, J., Shah, S. I. Diagnosis of liver disease induced by hepatitis virus using artificial neural network, IEEE Int Multitopic. https://doi.org/10.1109/INMIC.2011.6151515 (2011).

[6] Battineni, G., Sagaro, G. G., Chinatalapudi, N., Amenta, F. Applications of machine learning predictive models in the chronic disease diagnosis, J Personal Med. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10020021 (2020).

[7] Abdar, M., Yen, N., Hung, J. Improving the diagnosis of liver disease using multilayer perceptron neural network and boosted decision tree, J Med Biol Eng 38:953–965 (2018).

[8] Chaikijurajai, T., Laffin, L., Tang, W. Artificial intelligence and hypertension: recent advances and future outlook, Am J Hypertens 33:967–974 (2020).

[9] Fujita, S., Hagiwara, A., Otsuka, Y., Hori, M., Takei, N., Hwang, K. P., Irie, R., Andica, C., Kamagata, K., Akashi, T., Kumamaru, K. K., Suzuki, M., Wada, A., Abe, O., Aoki, S. Deep Learning Approach for Generating MRA Images From 3D Quantitative Synthetic MRI Without Additional Scans, Invest Radiol 55:249–256 (2020).

[10] Juarez-Chambi, R. M., Kut, C., Rico-Jimenez, J. J., Chaichana, L. K., Xi, J., Campos-Delgado, D. U., Rodriguez, F. J., Quinones-Hinojosa, A., Li, X., Jo, J. A. AI-Assisted In Situ Detection of Human Glioma Infiltration Using a Novel Computational Method for Optical Coherence Tomography, Clin Cancer Res 25(21):6329–6338 (2019).

[11] Nashif, S., Raihan, R., Islam, R., Imam, M. H. Heart Disease Detection by Using Machine Learning Algorithms and a Real-Time Cardiovascular Health Monitoring System, World Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol 6, No. 4 (2018).

[12] Chen, P. H. C., Gadepalli, K., MacDonald, R., Liu, Kadowaki, S., Nagpal, K., Kohlberger, T., Dean, J., Corrado, G. S., Hipp, J. D., Mermel, C. H., Stumpe, M. C. An augmented reality microscope with real time artificial intelligence integration for cancer diagnosis, Nat Med 25:1453–1457 (2019).

[13] Gouda, W., Yasin, R. COVID-19 disease: CT Pneumonia Analysis prototype by using artificial intelligence, predicting the disease severity, Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med 51(1):196 (2020).

[14] Han, Y., Han, Z., Wu, J., Yu, Y., Gao, S., Hua, D., Yang, A. Artificial Intelligence Recommendation System of Cancer Rehabilitation Scheme Based on IoT Technology, IEEE Access 8:44924–44935 (2020).

[15] Chui, C. S., Lee, N. P., Adeoye, J., Thomson, P., Choi, S. W. Machine learning and treatment outcome prediction for oral cancer, J Oral Pathol Med 49(10):977–985 (2020).

[16] Koshimizu, H., Kojima, R., Okuno, Y. Future possibilities for artificial intelligence in the practical management of hypertension, Hypertens Res 43:1327–1337 (2020).

[17] Kather, J. N., Pearson, A. T., Halama, N., Jäger, D., Krause, J., Loosen, S. H., Marx, A., Boor, P., Tacke, F., Neumann, U. P., Grabsch, H. I., Yoshikawa, T., Brenner, H., Chang-Claude, J., Hoffmeister, M., Trautwein, C., Luedde, T. Deep learning microsatellite instability directly from histology in gastrointestinal cancer, Nat Med 25:1054–1056 (2019).

[18] Kwon, J. M., Jeon, K. H., Kim, H. M., Kim, M. J., Lim, S. M., Kim, K. H., Song, P. S., Park, J., Choi, R. K., Oh, B. H. Comparing the performance of artificial intelligence and conventional diagnosis criteria for detecting left ventricular hypertrophy using electrocardiography, EP Europace 22(3):412–419 (2020).

[19] Khan, M. A. An IoT Framework for Heart Disease Prediction Based on MDCNN Classifier, IEEE Access 8:34717–34727 (2020).

[20] Oikonomou, E. K., Williams, M. C., Kotanidis, C. P., Desai, M. Y., Marwan, M., Antonopoulos, A. S., Thomas, K. E., Thomas, S., Akoumianakis, I., Fan, L. M., Kesavan, S., Herdman, L., Alashi, A., Centeno, E. H., Lyasheva, M., Griffin, B. P., Flamm, S. D., Shirodaria, C. Sabharwal, N., Kelion, A., Dweck, M. R., Van Beek, E. J. R., Deanfield, J., Hopewell, J. C., Neubauer, S., Channon, K. M., Achenbach, S., Newby, D. E., Antoniades, C. A novel machine learning-derived radiotranscriptomic signature of perivascular fat improves cardiac risk prediction using coronary CT angiography, Eur Heart J 40(43):3529–3543 (2019).

[21] Sabottke, C. F., Spieler, B. M. The Effect of Image Resolution on Deep Learning in Radiography, Radiology: Artificial Intelligence Vol. 2. No. 1, 2:e190015 (2020).

[22] Brown, T., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J. D., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Agarwal, S., Herbert-Voss, A., Krueger, G., Henighan, T., Child, R., Ramesh, A., Ziegler, D., Wu, J., Winter, C., Hesse, C., Chen, M., Sigler, E., Litwin, M., Gray, S., Chess, B., Clark, J., Berner, C., McCandlish, S., Radford, A., Sutskever, I., Amodei, D. Language Models are Few-Shot Learners, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33, (2020).

[23] Gurnee, W., Tegmark, M. Language Models Represent Space and Time, arXiv, DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.02207 (2023).

[24] Ekpar, F. E. A Comprehensive Artificial Intelligence-Driven Healthcare System, European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 8(3), Article 617. (2024).

[25] Ekpar, F. E. Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease Within a Comprehensive Artificial Intelligence-Driven Healthcare System, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 13(9). (2024).

[26] Ekpar, F. E. Image-based Chronic Disease Diagnosis Using 2D Convolutional Neural Networks in the Context of a Comprehensive Artificial Intelligence-Driven Healthcare System, Molecular Sciences and Applications, 4(13). (2024).

[27] Ekpar, F. E. Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence Recommendations for Image-based Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 14(1). (2025).

[28] Ekpar, F. E. A Novel Three-dimensional Multilayer Electroencephalography Paradigm, Fortune Journal of Health Sciences, 7(3). (2024).

[29] Ekpar, F. E. System for Nature-Inspired Signal Processing: Principles and Practice, European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3(6), pp. 1-10, (2019).

[30] Ekpar, F. E. Nature-inspired Signal Processing, United States Patent and Trademark Office, US Patent Application Number: 13/674,035 (Filed: November 11, 2012, Priority Date: December 24, 2011), Document ID: US 20140135642 A1: Published: (2014).

[31] Padfield, N., Zabalza, J., Zhao, H, Masero, V., Ren, J. EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Motor-Imagery: Techniques and Challenges, Sensors 19, 1423. (2019).

[32] Kevric, J., Subasi, A. Comparison of signal decomposition methods in classification of EEG signals for motor-imagery BCI system, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 31, 398-406. (2017).

[33] Cho, H., Ahn, M., Ahn, S., Kwon, M., Jun, S. C. EEG datasets for motor imagery brain–computer interface, GigaScience Vol. 6, Iss. 7. (2017).

[34] Arpaia, P., Esposito, A., Natalizio, A., Parvis, M. How to successfully classify EEG in motor imagery BCI: a metrological analysis of the state of the art, J. Neural Eng. 19 031002. (2022).

[35] Kaya, M., Binli, M, K., Ozbay, E., Yanar, H., Mishchenko, Y. A large electroencephalographic motor imagery dataset for electroencephalographic brain computer interfaces, Scientific Data 5, Article number: 180211 (2018).

[36] Tibrewal, N., Leeuwis, N., Alimardani, M. Classification of motor imagery EEG using deep learning increases performance in inefficient BCI users, PLoS One 17(7): e0268880. (2022).

[37] Sreeja, S. R., Rabha, J., Nagarjuna, K. Y., Samanta, D., Mitra, P., Sarma, M. Motor Imagery EEG Signal Processing and Classification Using Machine Learning Approach, IEEE International Conference on New Trends in Computing Sciences (ICTCS) (2017).

[38] Das, K., Pachori, R. B. Electroencephalogram-Based Motor Imagery Brain–Computer Interface Using Multivariate Iterative Filtering and Spatial Filtering, IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, Vol. 15, Iss. 3. (2022).

[39] Velasco, I., Sipols, A., Simon De Blas, C., Pastor, L., Bayona, S. Motor imagery EEG signal classification with a multivariate time series approach, Biomedical Engineering Online 22, Article Number: 29. (2023).

[40] Yang, A., Lam, H. K., Ling, S. H. Multi-classification for EEG motor imagery signals using data evaluation-based auto-selected regularized FBCSP and convolutional neural network, Neural Computing and Applications, Vol.35, 12001-12027. (2023).

[41] Venkatachalam, K., Devipriya, A., Maniraj, J., Sivaram, M., Ambikapathy, A., Amiri, I. S. A novel method of motor imagery classification using eeg signal, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Vol.103, 101787. (2020).

[42] Subasi, A., Gursov, M. I. EEG signal classification using PCA, ICA, LDA and support vector machines, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.37, Iss. 12, 8659-8666. (2010).

[43] Razzak, I., Hameed, I. A., Xu, G. Robust Sparse Representation and Multiclass Support Matrix Machines for the Classification of Motor Imagery EEG Signals, IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine, 7:2000508. (2019).

[44] Pahuja, S. K., Veer, K. Recent Approaches on Classification and Feature Extraction of EEG Signal: A Review, Robotica, Vol. 40, Iss. 1, 77-101. (2022).

[45] Lekshmi, S. S., Selvam, V., Rajasekaran, M. P. EEG signal classification using Principal Component Analysis and Wavelet Transform with Neural Network, IEEE International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, (2014).

[46] Lugger, K., Flotzinger, D., Schlögl, A., Pregenzer, M., Pfurtscheller, G. Feature extraction for on-line EEG classification using principal components and linear discriminants, Med Biol Eng Comp, 36(3):309-14. (1998).

[47] Lawhern, V. J., Solon, A. J., Waytowich, N. R., Gordon, S. M., Hung, C. P., Lance, B. J. EEGNet: a compact convolutional neural network for EEG-based brain–computer interfaces, Journal of Neural Engineering, 15: 056013. (2018).

[48] Al-Saegh, A., Dawwd, S. A., Abdul-Jabbar, J. M. Deep learning for motor imagery EEG-based classification: A review, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control Vol. 63, 102172. (2021).

[49] Tabar, Y. R., Halici, U. A novel deep learning approach for classification of EEG motor imagery signals, Journal of Neural Engineering, 14: 016003. (2016).

[50] Abadi, M., Barham, P., Chen, J., Chen, Z., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., Ghemawat, S., Irving, G., Isard, M., Kudlur, M., Levenberg, J., Monga, R., Moore, S., Murray, D. G., Steiner, B., Tucker, P., Vasudevan, V., Warden, P., Wicke, M., Yu, Y., Zheng, X. TensorFlow: A System for Large Scale Machine Learning, Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI ’16). (2016).

[51] Pang, B., Nijkamp, E., Wu, Y. N. Deep Learning With TensorFlow: A Review, Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. Vol. 45, Iss. 2. (2019).

[52] Kingma, D. P., Ba, J. L. Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization, International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) (2015).

[53] Zhang, Z. Improved Adam Optimizer for Deep Neural Networks,IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)(2018).

[54] ,5UVWjkqrt{}”•—­¶ÎÐçèéê $ & 9 : ; ôèôÛÐÆº±Ð£šŽšŽ£šŽšŽš…zlš`š`šQQh^~ h“TCJOJQJaJh^~ h“T6�OJQJh^~ h“T6�H*OJQJh_!©6�H*OJQJh=°6�OJQJh^~ h^~ 6�OJQJh“T6�OJQJh^~ h^~ 6�H*OJQJh§IH*OJQJh^~ h§IH*OJQJh§IOJPJQJh^~ h^~ OJQJh^~ h^~ CJ(OJQJh²CJ(OJPJQJhèK4CJ(OJPJQJVWr•è: ; < = íîêÝȾ¾¾©”†|||| $¤a$gd§I [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[55] [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

How to cite this paper

Frank Edughom Ekpar "Generative Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Automated Image-Based Pneumonia Diagnosis" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 8 Issue 9 2025 Page 717-728
Frank Edughom Ekpar "Generative Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Automated Image-Based Pneumonia Diagnosis" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 8, no. 9, Mar. 2025
Frank Edughom Ekpar (2025). Generative Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Automated Image-Based Pneumonia Diagnosis. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 8(9).
Frank Edughom Ekpar "Generative Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Automated Image-Based Pneumonia Diagnosis" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 8, no. 9, Mar. 2025.
@article{1707509,
      author = {Frank Edughom Ekpar},
      title = {Generative Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Automated Image-Based Pneumonia Diagnosis},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {9},
      pages = {717-728},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1707509.pdf},
      abstract = {Prompt engineering is leveraged to get generative artificial intelligence systems such as large language models to proffer steps for the development of a system for automated image-based diagnosis of pneumonia using two-dimensional convolutional neural networks. An initial prompt is utilized to get the large language model to divulge the general design of the system. The initial response of the generative artificial intelligence system is then followed up by a prompt that precipitates the generation of specific instructions and source code for the construction, training and testing of convolutional neural networks that are cognizant of the nature of the datasets employed. The trained artificial intelligence models could be adapted through refinements in robustness and performance for incorporation as automated image-based pneumonia detection modules into a comprehensive artificial intelligence-driven healthcare system.},
      keywords = {Pneumonia, Automated Pneumonia Diagnosis, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Generative Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Model (LLM), ChatGPT, DeepSeek, TensorFlow, Healthcare System.},
      month = {March},
  }