Assessment of Entrance Skin Dose of X-ray Using Calculation Techniques.

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@article{1707535,
      author = {Aminu Dahiru, Prof. Felix Wilfred Burari, Nasir Muhammad Umar; Ali Ado, Umarfarouq Dahiru; Ahmad Abdulkadir, Hassan Muhammad Bashir; Usama Yusuf},
      title = {Assessment of Entrance Skin Dose of X-ray Using Calculation Techniques.},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {9},
      pages = {886-889},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1707535.pdf},
      abstract = {skin dose estimation is usefull and well established method for quality control in diagonostic radiology and provide valuable information about the efficacy of the department. This study assessed. skin dose estimation using Mathematical Formula at Yobe State University Teaching Hospital Damaturu, Yobe State Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to calculate entrance skin dose of X-ray using Mathematical formula and to compare the result with the same measured dose using survey meter to test the percentage accuracy of the formula. The study employed the use of prospective research method. 50 patient?s datas were analysed and their ESD is obtained both mathematically and physically using survey meter and the two results are in good positive correlation using inferential statistical tools, these confirmed the accuracy of the formulas. Findings of the study revealed that out of three formulas used to calculate ESD (Chan & Tsai, Edmond and Kumar) the Kumar method has the strongest positive correlation with the survey meter value in a very close range results. The result further showed that the high population to receive the dose during x-ray examination are obese due to the increase in exposure factor (kVp & mAs) in a high body thickness liable of high attenuation capacity than the small body thickness. Furthermore the contributing factor involved in dose deposition in patients is the faults of the radiation workers dissipating x-ray, (x-ray technician and radiographers) due to the misuse of the machine parameters (exposure factors) and machine manipulation(misuse of beam limiting and centering devices protecting scatter, collimators delineation and beam diaphragm) misuse of anti-scatter grid, etc. The study recommends the training and re-training of radiographers should be focused on, so that issue of dose deposition in patients will be minimized.},
      keywords = {skin dose, formula, x-ray.},
      month = {March},
  }