Electromagnetic Radiation and Spatial Proximity of Mobile Communication Base Stations: Analysis of Compliance in Sagamu Metropolis

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@article{1707715,
      author = {Onalaja Olabisi Olayinka, Badru Rahmon Ariyo, Awosola Adeoluwa  Samuel},
      title = {Electromagnetic Radiation and Spatial Proximity of Mobile Communication Base Stations: Analysis of Compliance in Sagamu Metropolis},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {10},
      pages = {166-180},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1707715.pdf},
      abstract = {Electromagnetic radiation emanating from randomly selected 113 GSM Mobile Base Transceiver Stations (MBTSs) in different regions of Sagamu, Ogun State, Southwest, Nigeria, was assessed according to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines, National Communication Commission (NCC), National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). This was to determine the exposure level at these MBTS and their compliance to setback distance in relation to the specification in the guidelines. Measurements of the maximum Power Density of radio signals were taken for sites operating in GSM 900MHz, GSM 1800MHz, WCDMA 2100MHz and correlated with the ICNIRP, NCC and NESREA specifications. The result indicated that only 23.9% (27) of the entire MBTSs complied with NCC regulations (5m) set back to the closest infrastructure, while majority 76.1% (86) do not comply. 62.8% (71) complied with the NESREA standard of 10 metres set back to the closest infrastructure while 37.2% (42) do not comply with the regulations as they do not observe 10 meters set back from the nearest infrastructure. Only 6.2% (7) of the total MBTSs in the study area, violated the recommended E(V/m) for 900MHz, GSM 1800MHz, WCDMA 2100MHz rates having a peak value of 85V/m. Also, 25.7% (29) violated the recommended power density levels for 900MHz, GSM 1800MHz, WCDMA2100MHz rates having highest value for power density which is (47.75mW/m2) while others also showed high values ranging from 9.966 to 29.73mW/m2. These findings suggest that many MBST?s complies with NESREA (10m) setback regulation but violated the NCC (5m) regulation.},
      keywords = {Electromagnetic waves, Mobile Phone, Base Stations, power density, radiation level},
      month = {April},
  }