International Peer-Reviewed Journal•Open Access•ISSN 2456-8880
irejournals@gmail.com•+91-7433024337

Home / Current Issue / Paper 1707762

1707762 Vol 8 · Issue 10 Download Paper

Advanced Proctoring Framework for Exam Integrity

Mithun S Melvin M Shajan Ragavendiran S Sinduja K

Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology  ·  Area of research: Deep Learning

Abstract

This research offers an intelligent invigilation system to maintain examination integrity by identifying unusual student behaviors through the use of deep learning. The model involves three phases: 1) verification of the student identity based on a face recognition method; 2) behavioral sampling to train the model, employing gesture analysis and convolutional 3D networks to analyze emotions; and 3) live video analysis of anomalous behavior, combining gesture and emotion analysis and student identification using face recognition. The model, trained on 4,000 training and 1,000 test images, classifies non-cheating activities with 99% accuracy and cheating activities with 97.6% accuracy. The suggested model performs better than other approaches, with accuracies of 98.4% for the detection of cheating behavior and 99.2% for non-cheating behavior, giving an overall accuracy of 98.8% and a low misclassification rate of 1.2%. Though the system exhibits strong accuracy, issues lie in scalability to larger classes with higher computational demands and requirements for more hardware for complete monitoring

Keywords

Suspicious Activity Detection, Exam Integrity, Deep Learning, Face and Gesture Recognition, Emotion Analysis

References

[1] S. Erduran, Y. El Masri, A. Cullinane and Y. P. D Ng, “Assessment of Practical Science in High Stakes Examinations: A Qualitative Analysis of High Performing English-Speaking Countries,” International Journal of Science Education, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 1544-1567, 2020.

[2] K. A. Gamage, R. G. Pradeep and E. K. de Silva, “Rethinking Assessment: The Future of Examinations in Higher Education,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 6, pp.1-15, 2022.

[3] M. A. Mulongo, “Effectiveness of University Examinations Management Strategies in Mitigating Examination Malpractices in Kenya”, (Doctoral dissertation, Karatina University).

[4] J. Nishchal, S. Reddy and P. N. Navya, “Automated Cheating Detection in Exams using Posture and Emotion Analysis,”. Proceedings of International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies, IEEE, pp. 1-6, July 2020.

[5] O. L. Holden, M. E. Norris and V. A. Kuhlmeier, “Academic Integrity in Online Assessment: A Research Review,” In Frontiers in Education (vol. 6, pp. 1-13), Frontiers Media SA, July 2021.

[6] F. Kamalov, H. Sulieman and D. Santandreu Calonge, “Machine Learning based Approach to Exam Cheating Detection,” Plos One, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1-15, 2021.

[7] M. J. Hoque, M. R. Ahmed, M. J. Uddin and M. M. A. Faisal, “Automation of Traditional Exam Invigilation using CCTV and Bio-Metric,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 392–399, 2020.

[8] W. Alsabhan, “Student Cheating Detection in Higher Education by Implementing Machine Learning and LSTM Techniques,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1-21, 2023.

[9] Y. Liu, J. Ren, J. Xu, X. Bai, R. Kaur and F. Xia, “Multiple Instance Learning for Cheating Detection and Localization in Online Examinations,” IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 2024.

[10] M. Asad, M. Abbas, A. Asim, A. Hafeez, M. M. Sadaf, A. U. Haq and M. Asif, “Suspicious Activity Detection During Physical Exams,”. Available at SSRN 4676389, pp. 1-15, 2023.

[11] P. Verma, N. Malhotra, R. Suri and R. Kumar, “Automated Smart Artificial Intelligence-based Proctoring System using Deep Learning,” Soft Computing, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 3479-3489, 2024.

[12] J. Xue, W. Wu and Q. Cheng, “Intelligent invigilator system based on target detection,” Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 82, no. 29, pp. 44673-44695, 2023.

[13] J. A. Hernándeza, A. Ochoab, J. Muñozd and G. Burlaka, “Detecting Cheats in Online Student Assessments using Data Mining,” In Conference on Data Mining| DMIN (vol. 6, pp. 205), 2006.

[14] Y. Atoum, L. Chen, A. X. Liu, S. D. Hsu and X. Liu, “Automated Online Exam Proctoring,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1609-1624, 2017.

[15] L. C. O. Tiong and H. J. Lee, “E-Cheating Prevention Measures: Detection of Cheating at Online Examinations using Deep Learning Approach-A Case Study,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.09841, pp. 1-9, 2021.

[16] S. El Kohli, Y. Jannaj, M. Maanan and Rhinane, “Deep learning: New Approach for Detecting Scholar Exams Fraud,”. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol. 46, pp. 103-107, 2022.

[17] F. Mahmood, J. Arshad, M. T. Ben Othman, M. F. Hayat, N. Bhatti, M. H. Jaffery, A. U. Rehman and H. Hamam, “Implementation of an Intelligent Exam Supervision System using Deep Learning Algorithms,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 17, pp. 1-21, 2022.

[18] M. D. Genemo, “Suspicious Activity Recognition for Monitoring Cheating in Exams,” Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2022.

[19] M. Roa’a, I. A. Aljazaery and A. H. M. Alaidi, “Automated Cheating Detection based on Video Surveillance in the Examination Classes,” International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, vol. 16, no. 08, pp. 124-137, 2022.

[20] R. K. Kadthim and Z. H. Ali, Cheating Detection in Online Exams using Machine Learning,” Journal Of AL-Turath University College, vol. 2, no. 35, pp. 35-41, 2023.

[21] W. Alsabhan, “Student Cheating Detection in Higher Education by Implementing Machine Learning and LSTM Techniques,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1-21, 2023.

[22] T. Zhou and H. Jiao, “Exploration of the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithm for Cheating Detection in Large-Scale Assessment,” Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 831-854, 2023.

[23] S. C. Chang and K. L. Chang, “Cheating Detection of Test Collusion: A Study on Machine Learning Techniques and Feature Representation,” Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 62-73, 2023.

[24] S. Z. Ong, T. Connie and M. K. O. Goh, “Cheating Detection for Online Examination Using Clustering Based Approach,” JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization, vol. 7, no. (3-2), pp. 2075-2085, 2023.

[25] F. Ozdamli, A. Aljarrah, D. Karagozlu and M. Ababneh, “Facial Recognition System to Detect Student Emotions and Cheating in Distance Learning,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 20, pp. 1-19, 2022.

[26] A. L. Cîrneanu, D. Popescu and D. Iordache, “New Trends in Emotion Recognition using Image Analysis by Neural Networks, A Systematic Review,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 16, pp. 1-32, 2023.

[27] S. Peng, H. Huang, W. Chen, L. Zhang and W. Fang, “More Trainable Inception-ResNet for Face Recognition,” Neurocomputing, vol. 411, pp. 9-19, 2020.

[28] A. Kumar, Z. J. Zhang, H. Lyu, “Object Detection in Real Time based on Improved Single Shot Multi-Box Detector Algorithm,” EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2020, no. 1, pp. 1-18, 2020.

[29] L. Ling, J. Tao, G. Wu, “Research on Gesture Recognition based on YOLOv5,” In Chinese Control and Decision Conference (pp. 801-806). IEEE, May 2021.

How to cite this paper

Mithun S, Melvin M Shajan, Ragavendiran S, Sinduja K "Advanced Proctoring Framework for Exam Integrity" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 8 Issue 10 2025 Page 118-129
Mithun S, Melvin M Shajan, Ragavendiran S, Sinduja K "Advanced Proctoring Framework for Exam Integrity" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 8, no. 10, Apr. 2025
Mithun S, Melvin M Shajan, Ragavendiran S, Sinduja K (2025). Advanced Proctoring Framework for Exam Integrity. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 8(10).
Mithun S, Melvin M Shajan, Ragavendiran S, Sinduja K "Advanced Proctoring Framework for Exam Integrity" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 8, no. 10, Apr. 2025.
@article{1707762,
      author = {Mithun S, Melvin M Shajan, Ragavendiran S, Sinduja K},
      title = {Advanced Proctoring Framework for Exam Integrity},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {10},
      pages = {118-129},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1707762.pdf},
      abstract = {This research offers an intelligent invigilation system to maintain examination integrity by identifying unusual student behaviors through the use of deep learning. The model involves three phases: 1) verification of the student identity based on a face recognition method; 2) behavioral sampling to train the model, employing gesture analysis and convolutional 3D networks to analyze emotions; and 3) live video analysis of anomalous behavior, combining gesture and emotion analysis and student identification using face recognition. The model, trained on 4,000 training and 1,000 test images, classifies non-cheating activities with 99% accuracy and cheating activities with 97.6% accuracy. The suggested model performs better than other approaches, with accuracies of 98.4% for the detection of cheating behavior and 99.2% for non-cheating behavior, giving an overall accuracy of 98.8% and a low misclassification rate of 1.2%. Though the system exhibits strong accuracy, issues lie in scalability to larger classes with higher computational demands and requirements for more hardware for complete monitoring},
      keywords = {Suspicious Activity Detection, Exam Integrity, Deep Learning, Face and Gesture Recognition, Emotion Analysis},
      month = {April},
  }