Energy-Efficient 5G IoT Architectures: Designing Low-power 5G IoT Networks to Support Sustainable Smart City Applications

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@article{1707794,
      author = {Waleed Salama},
      title = {Energy-Efficient 5G IoT Architectures: Designing Low-power 5G IoT Networks to Support Sustainable Smart City Applications},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {10},
      pages = {1514-1529},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1707794.pdf},
      abstract = {As the world demand for Internet of Things (IoT) devices increases, the integration of 5G networks is pivotal to making sustainable smart city applications a reality. However, the increasing energy consumption of 5G networks poses severe challenges to achieving sustainability goals. This paper addresses energy-efficient 5G IoT network architectures based on low-power design that can support the heterogeneous and growing demands of smart cities. We examine the interaction between 5G technologies, IoT devices, and energy efficiency, identifying major strategies such as network slicing, edge computing, and low-power design principles for the infrastructure and devices. The paper also examines emerging methods such as energy harvesting, LPWANs, and optimization algorithms to reduce energy consumption with high performance and reliability in 5G-enabled IoT applications. The proposed energy-efficient architectures aim to support smart city use cases such as smart grids, autonomous vehicles, smart traffic management, green environment monitoring, and public safety networks that require high data rates, ultra-low latency, and minimum power consumption. Through the assistance of features like mMTC and URLLC capabilities, we identify how 5G can fulfill challenging requirements of diversified IoT applications and reduce energy costs. Moreover, we emphasize the role of dynamic spectrum management, adaptive power control, and new communication protocols that facilitate power consumption reduction in 5G network infrastructure. This research provides valuable insights into the design of sustainable 5G IoT systems that are capable of fulfilling the performance requirements of modern urban infrastructure without compromising environmental goals. By developing energy-aware architectures that combine cutting-edge 5G technologies with IoT-optimized optimizations, this study supports the realization of energy-aware, scalable, and sustainable smart city solutions that balance technological advancement with environmental responsibility in the face of rapid urbanization.},
      month = {April},
  }