Effect of Organic Manure On Growth, Yield and Nitrates Content of Spinach Oleracea in Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria

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@article{1708298,
      author = {Kyari Karabi Gwio-Kura, Usman Ibrahim , Ibraheem Alhassan},
      title = {Effect of Organic Manure On Growth, Yield and Nitrates Content of Spinach Oleracea in Gashua Yobe State, Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {11},
      pages = {213-219},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1708298.pdf},
      abstract = {This study investigated the effect of cow dung manure application rates on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) growth, yield, and nitrate content. Conducted during the 2019/2020 dry season at two irrigated locations in Nigeria (CIDS-FUGA and YOSADP farms), the experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments: five cow dung rates (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.0 t/ha), a control (no manure), and a check (100 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15). Data on growth (plant height, leaf count, stem diameter, leaf area) and yield (fresh/dry weight per plot/hectare) were analyzed using SAS and DMRT. Results showed no significant effect of cow dung on growth or yield due to low soil fertility. However, nitrate content increased with higher manure rates, peaking at 3.0 t/ha (lowest at 1.0 t/ha, still above control). A positive correlation linked yield to growth parameters, but a negative correlation existed between yield and nitrate (higher yield = lower nitrate). The study concluded that while cow dung did not significantly improve spinach growth or yield, it enhanced nitrate accumulation, with 3.0 t/ha being optimal for nitrate content.},
      keywords = {Spinach oleracea, Cow dung, Nitrate, Nitrite and Gashua},
      month = {May},
  }