Implementing a Semi-Automated, Real-Time Pressure Monitoring System for Smart Water Management: An Assessment on Operational and Management Impacts

References

[1] Arias, C. A. P., Miranda, S. F. S., Paguinto, J. A. S., Pangkubit, R. J. M., Gamboa, J. C. L., Mallari, M. O., & Pinpin, A. P. (2025). HandSnap++: An Android application for debugging handwritten C++ code using image processing through optical character recognition and compiler. Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation, 4(4), 10–29.

[2] Asian Development Bank. (2010). Reducing nonrevenue water in developing countries: Taking the first step. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/27473/reducing-nonrevenue-water.pdf.

[3] Barnes, R. M. (1980). Motion and time study: Design and measurement of work (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

[4] Brooke, J. (1996). SUS: A "quick and dirty" usability scale. In P. W. Jordan, B. Thomas, B. A. Weerdmeester, & A. L. McClelland (Eds.), Usability evaluation in industry (pp. 189–194). Taylor & Francis.

[5] Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008.

[6] Japan International Cooperation Agency. (2019). Ex-post evaluation report on the water supply sector in the Philippines. https://www2.jica.go.jp/en/evaluation/pdf/2019_1360680_4_f.pdf.

[7] Lambert, A. (2001). What do we know about pressure-leakage relationships in distribution systems? ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221936152_What_do_we_know_about_pressure_Leakage_relationships_in_distribution_systems

[8] Lewis, J. R. (2019). Comparison of four TAM item formats: Effect of response option labels and order. Journal of Usability Studies, 14(4), 224–236. https://uxpajournal.org/tam-formats-effect-response-labels-order/

[9] Lewis, J. R., & Sauro, J. (2009). Item benchmarks for the System Usability Scale. Journal of Usability Studies, 14(3), 111–123. https://uxpajournal.org/item-benchmarks-system-usability-scale-sus/

[10] Philippine Environment Monitor. (2003). Water quality. World Bank.

[11] Press and Public Affairs Bureau. (2023). Water crisis in the Philippines: Addressing access and sustainability. House of Representatives of the Philippines

[12] Quiao-Dela Peña, L. (2024). Addressing water shortages using a community-led approach. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/954496/adbi-addressing-water-shortages-using-community-led-approach.pdf

[13] Taylor, F. W. (1911). The principles of scientific management. Harper & Brothers.

[14] World Health Organization. (2023). Drinking-water. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water

[15] © MAY 2025“”•«¬®ÆÇÉÏÐäåæèC M x y { Ž ¬ ÷ ø ù ú ñâ×ʾ±¦¾±¦ž¦¾×�„{„o�„f„]RDh^~ h{¢6�H*OJQJh{¢6�H*OJQJh=°6�OJQJhOz6�OJQJh^~ h^~ 6�OJQJh{¢6�OJQJh{¢h{¢6�OJQJh^~ h^~ 6�H*OJQJhdAýOJQJh{¢h{¢OJQJh{¢h^~ OJPJQJh{¢h^~ H*OJQJh{¢h{¢OJPJQJh^~ h^~ OJQJh{¢h^~ CJ(OJPJQJh{¢h{¢CJ(OJPJQJ”•æC y ø U V W X pòå뻦»‘j$„ñÿ„ dì¤:]„ñÿ^„ a$gd~ü„ñÿ„ dð¤]„ñÿ^„ gd^~ $„ñÿ„ dð¤]„ñÿ^„ a$gd^~ $„ñÿ„ dð¤]„ñÿ^„ a$gdOz$„ñÿ„ dð¤]„ñÿ^„ a$gd{¢$„`„öÿdë¤^„``„öÿa$gd˜g$dð¤a$gd^~ $dݤa$gddAýú U V W X ` b {½¾ÍXþ [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[16] XXnopqóóççØÆ´¢Ž}Ž¢¢}¢¢¢iUEh{¢h¥mÎ5�CJOJQJaJ&h~üh^~ 5�6�CJOJPJQJaJ&hdAýh^~ 5�6�CJOJPJQJaJ h~ü5�6�CJOJPJQJaJ&hÉFöh{¢5�6�CJOJPJQJaJ"hdAýh{¢5�6�CJOJQJaJ#hdAýhOz5�CJOJPJQJaJ"hdAýhOz5�6�CJOJQJaJh^~ h˜gCJOJQJaJh^~ CJOJQJaJh{¢h{¢6�OJQJpqÕÖ×äåý;ˆ¦ï¯+D�ƒ Ü"œ$êÞÞÞÎÀµ­­­­­­¢­­­­$ &Fa$gd/7‚$a$gd·?Ó$ &Fa$gd4YI [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

@article{1708326,
      author = {Paul Daniel C. De Leon, Marvin O. Mallari, Ph.D., Noel T. Florencondia, Ph.D.},
      title = {Implementing a Semi-Automated, Real-Time Pressure Monitoring System for Smart Water Management: An Assessment on Operational and Management Impacts},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {11},
      pages = {276-283},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1708326.pdf},
      abstract = {Transformational change in the management of the Philippines' water utility sector, particularly among small-scale providers, both government-controlled and private, is hinged on the integration of technology into pressure monitoring systems. This approach enables proactive water utility management, particularly in the reduction of water losses. It is essential for all water utilities, regardless of their scale, to monitor and manage pressure with the goal to ensure that the local communities have access to water. Real-time monitoring can be obtained by existing solutions, such as SCADA, but these solutions are inaccessible to many small water providers due to the costly prices. Hence, this research will address the gap by developing a semi-automated real-time pressure monitoring system as a cost-effective alternative for utilities with limited resources, rather than a replacement for existing high-end systems. The research seeks to empower managers and engineers in the water utility sector by implementing innovative technologies that are based on a system that was created using Microsoft Excel and AppSheet. This technology provides small water utilities the capability to assess and supervise their operations, as well as to develop strategic plans to improve service reliability, without necessitating substantial capital investments. The system?s usability and its impact on operational decision-making were evaluated through structured assessments, including usability surveys, performance monitoring, and statistical analysis.},
      keywords = {Automation, Smart Water Management, Pressure Management, Non-Revenue Water, Appsheet},
      month = {May},
  }