Bridging Methodological Divides: A Review of Survey and Experimental Methods in Socio-Criminological Studies

References

[1] Aderounmu, B. (2021, December 16). Factors responsible for the increasing crime rate in Nigeria. Business day. http//www.businessday.ng

[2] Adeyemo, D.D. (2022). Recognizing the rights of victims in the criminal justice system. International journal of comparative law and legal philosophy, 3 (3): 64 -72.

[3] Babbie, E. R. (2020). The practice of social research (15th ed.). Cengage Learning.

[4] Banaji, M. R., & Crowder, R. G. (1989). The bankruptcy of everyday memory. American Psychologist, 44 (9): 1185–1193. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.9.1185

[5] Banerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2011). Poor economics: A radical rethinking of the way to fight global poverty. Public Affairs.

[6] Blomberg, T. G., Mestre, J., & Mann, K. (2013). Seeking causality in a world of contingency: Criminology, research, and public policy. Criminology & Public Policy, 12(4): 571–584.

[7] Braga, A. A., Welsh, B. C., Papachristos, A. V., Schnell, C., & Grossman, L. (2014). The growth of randomized experiments in policing: The vital few and the salience of mentoring. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 10 (1): 1–28.

[8] Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.

[9] CLEEN Foundation. (2018, May 28). National Survey. https://www.cleen.org Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

[10] Dezember, A., Stoltz, M., Marmolejo, L., Kanewske, L. C., Feingold, K. D., Wire, S., Duhaime, L., & Maupin, C. (2021). The lack of experimental research in criminology—Evidence from Criminology and Justice Quarterly. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 17(4), 677–712.

[11] Denzin, N. K. (2015). Triangulation. Ritzer, G. (ed). Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Hobken: John Wiley & Sons De Vaus, D. A. (2013). Surveys in social research (6th ed.). Routledge.

[12] Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey research methods (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

[13] PROGRESA’s control randomized experiment. American Economic Review, 94(2), 336–341. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041302101

[14] Gil, D. B. (2019). Small area estimation in criminological research: theory, methods, and applications. PhD thesis submitted to the University of Manchester. https://www.researchgate.net

[15] Goodfellow, L. T. (2023). An overview of survey research. Respir Care, 68 (9):1309-1313Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3): 61–135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X

[16] Huesmann, L. R., Moise-Titus, J., Podolski, C., & Ero, L. D. (2003). Longitudinal relations between children’s exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent behavior in young adulthood: 1977–1992. Developmental psychology,39 (2): 201 -2021.

[17] Israel, M., & Hay, I. (2006). Research ethics for social scientists. SAGE Publications.

[18] Jackson, O. R. (2024). Basic research and methods, Nasarawa: Olumole printing press Evaluation of 37 AIDS prevention programs: A critical review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(4), 648–660. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.69.4.648

[19] Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7): 14–26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014

[20] Kim Y, Steiner P. (2016). Quasi-experimental designs for causal inference. Educ Psychol, 51 (3-4):395-405. doi: 10.1080/00461520.2016.1207177.

[21] Kothari, C.R. (2011). Research Methodology, New Age International Publishers Kunnuji, M. (2016). Population density and armed robbery in Nigeria: An analysis of variation across states. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies: 9(1), 62-73.

[22] Lee, S. (2025, May 25). Survey research in criminology: A comprehensive guide to methods and applications. https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/survey-research-in-criminology

[23] Machum, S. (2022). Triangulation. https://www. ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/showingtheory

[24] McCombes, S. (2023, June 22). Sampling methods/types, techniques, and examples. Scribbr. https//www.scribbr.com

[25] Mutz, D. C. (2011). Population-based survey experiments. Princeton University Press

[26] Nguyen, H., Loughran, T.A. (2014). Longitudinal Studies in Criminology. In: Bruinsma, G., Weisburd, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Springer, New York, NY NOUN. (2010). Contemporary issues in criminology and security studies. Course guide CSS 775. Lagos: National Open University of Nigeria

[27] Ogionwo, W. (2004). Aid to Classroom Notes on Social Research: Port Harcourt: Atata and Sons Enterprises.

[28] Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349 (6251), aac4716. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4716

[29] Osawe, C. O. (2015). Increase Wave of Violent Crime and Insecurity: A Threat to Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria. Journal of humanities and social sciences, 20 (1): 123-133.

[30] Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton Mifflin.

[31] Sniderman, P. M., & Grob, D. B. (1996). Innovations in experimental design in attitude surveys.

[32] Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 377–399. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.377

[33] Taherdost, H. (2021). Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research: A Step-by-Step Guide to Choosing Data Collection Techniques for Academic and Business Research Projects. International Journal of Academic Management Research, 10 (10): 10 -38.

[34] Simpson, R. (2024). Experimental Methods in Criminology. Fraser University https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.841

[35] Simpson, R. (2020). Officer appearance and perceptions of police: Accoutrements as signals of intent. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 14(1), 243–257

[36] Tourangeau, R., & Yan, T. (2007). Sensitive questions in surveys. Psychological Bulletin, 133(5): 859–883. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.859

[37] Trahan, A., & Stewart, D. N. (2023). Towards a pragmatic framework for mixed-methods research in criminal justice and criminology. Applied psychology in criminal justice, 9 (1): 59-74.

[38] Vivek, R., Nanthagopan, Y., and Piriyatharshan, S. (2023). Beyond methods: theoretical underpinnings of triangulation in quantitative and multi-method studies. SEEU Review, 18 (2): 105 – 122

[39] Wheeler, A. P., & Phillips, S. W. (2018). A quasi-experimental evaluation using roadblocks and automatic license plate readers to reduce crime in Buffalo, NY. Security Journal, 31(1), 190–207

[40] *+45MNlmn„…†•–—˜ÌÍßñåñåñåñÙ릓»~~fP=P%h{.u6�B*CJOJQJ]�aJphÿ+h{.uh%86�B*CJOJQJ]�aJphÿ.h{.uh%86�B*CJH*OJQJ]�aJphÿ(h%8h%8B*CJH*OJQJaJphÿ%h%8h{.uB*CJOJQJaJphÿ(h%8h{.uB*CJH*OJQJaJphÿ%h%8h%8B*CJOJQJaJphÿh^~ h{.uOJQJh^~ CJ(OJPJQJh%8CJ(OJPJQJh%8h%8CJ(OJPJQJmn—ß; < = ØÙ4 [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[41] [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[42] [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[43] [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[44] CJOJPJQJ\�aJh%8hqn [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[45] CJOJQJaJh%8h%8CJOJQJaJh˜gh%8CJOJQJaJh˜gCJOJQJaJh˜gh^~ CJOJQJaJh%8CJOJQJaJ"h%8h%8CJOJQJ\�]�aJh%8CJOJQJ\�]�aJ"h%8h%85�6�CJOJQJaJ'åmn @ Y Z b k s êßÕÕÕÕËË˽½½$¤$Ifa$gdIq $¤a$gdqn [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[46] [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[47] CJOJQJaJ#hIqhqn

[48] CJOJPJQJ\�aJhIqhqn [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[49] [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[50] [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

@article{1709116,
      author = {Jackson Onome Robinson, Etudaye Salami},
      title = {Bridging Methodological Divides: A Review of Survey and Experimental Methods in Socio-Criminological Studies},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {12},
      pages = {931-940},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1709116.pdf},
      abstract = {This review paper was centered on bridging the divides associated with survey and experimental research methods. The content was founded on secondary information from journals, periodicals, newspapers, research reports, and public documents, which were subjected to systematic content analysis and a framework grounded on triangulation theory. The thesis of this paper is that strategically integrating survey and experimental methods would help researchers leverage the benefits of both techniques, leading to more robust and insightful findings. The study recommended bridging the gap by recognizing the strong points of both methods and combining them through survey-embedded experiments, mixed methods design, and complementary strengths and synergistic potential to produce theoretically and empirically coherent findings and help policymakers address complex socio-criminological problems more effectively.},
      keywords = {Bridging, Experimental Research, Socio-criminological, and Survey Research.},
      month = {June},
  }