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Macroeconomic consequences of youth unemployment

George Owira Ogola Dr. Yasin Ghabon

Subject area: Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities  ·  Area of research: Macroeconomics

Abstract

Youth unemployment is a persistent macroeconomic issue that poses serious risks to social stability and economic growth, particularly in emerging nations like Kenya. With a focus on Kenya, this paper examines the complex effects of young unemployment from both a global and Sub-Saharan African standpoint. It draws attention to how youth unemployment lowers household income and consumption, causes underutilization of human capital, lowers tax revenue, and raises state spending on social welfare programs. Long-term societal repercussions, such as a rise in crime, mental health problems, drug misuse, and political instability, exacerbate these economic implications. The mismatch between education and labor market demands, fast population expansion, poor policy execution, and restricted access to formal work opportunities and capital are some of the structural factors contributing to youth unemployment in Kenya that are also covered in the paper. It recommends comprehensive policy measures, such as funding for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), labor market changes, entrepreneurial encouragement, and regional development projects, based on contemporary empirical evidence and literature. The paper concludes that addressing youth unemployment is crucial to achieving sustained economic growth, lower inequality, and accomplishing Kenya's Vision 2030 objectives.

Keywords

Youth unemployment, Macroeconomics, Economic Growth

References

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[2] Ali, O., Omar, M., & Yusuf, S. (2021). Population growth and unemployment in Zanzibar. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 59(2), 36-47.

[3] Anowor, O. F., Ichoku, H. E., Onodugo, V. A., Ochinanwata, C., & Uzomba, P. C. (2023). Does investment in education and health impact youth employment outcomes? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(1), 2160128.

[4] Buny, A. A., & Philip, G. D. (2023). Assessing the Effects of Massive Youth Unemployment on Social Wellbeing: A Lesson from Bor Town Municipality. Journal for Research on Business and Social Science (ISSN (Online) 2209-7880), 6(3).

[5] Fagbemi, F., Osinubi, T. T., & Olatunde, O. S. (2022). COVID-19 and unemployment: Showcasing sub-Saharan African experience. Jindal Journal of Business Research, 11(1), 24-33.

[6] Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). (2024). 2024 Economic Survey. Nairobi: KNBS.

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[12] Negera, C. U. (2024). Impact of Youth Unemployment on Economic Growth in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA): A Review Paper.

[13] Njifen, I. (2024). Sub-Saharan Africa’s higher education: investment decisions on human capital in the presence of youth unemployment. Studies in Higher Education, 49(2), 351-367.

[14] Olubusoye, O. E., Salisu, A. A., & Olofin, S. O. (2023). Youth unemployment in Nigeria: nature, causes and solutions. Quality & Quantity, 57(2), 1125-1157.

[15] Ooko, M. O. (2023). Effects of Diaspora Remittances on Recipient Household Poverty Alleviation in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).

[16] Osabohien, R. (2023). ICT adoption and youth employment in Nigeria's agricultural sector. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 15(2), 177-194.

[17] Ouma, D. S. (2021). Youth Unemployment: The Ever Elusive Luck in Youth Placement and Employment in Kenya. i-Manager's Journal on Management, 16(3), 37.

[18] Picatoste, X., & Rodriguez-Crespo, E. (2020). Decreasing youth unemployment as a way to achieve sustainable development. In Decent work and economic growth (pp. 244-253). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

[19] Ruto, V. C. (2021). Determinants of Youth Unemployment in Kenya: an Economic Analysis (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).

[20] Sam, S. O. (2016). Modelling economic determinants of youth unemployment in Kenya. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 7(1), 31-38.

[21] Umoh, E. (2025). Unemployment as a Driver of Crime: Exploring the Roles of Poverty, Youth Restiveness, and Effectiveness of Government Interventions in Emerging Economies. Unemployment as a Driver of Crime: Exploring the Roles of Poverty, Youth Restiveness, and Effectiveness of Government Interventions in Emerging Economies (February 12, 2025).

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How to cite this paper

George Owira Ogola, Dr. Yasin Ghabon "Macroeconomic consequences of youth unemployment" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 8 Issue 12 2025 Page 739-744
George Owira Ogola, Dr. Yasin Ghabon "Macroeconomic consequences of youth unemployment" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 8, no. 12, Jun. 2025
George Owira Ogola, Dr. Yasin Ghabon (2025). Macroeconomic consequences of youth unemployment. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 8(12).
George Owira Ogola, Dr. Yasin Ghabon "Macroeconomic consequences of youth unemployment" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 8, no. 12, Jun. 2025.
@article{1709156,
      author = {George Owira Ogola, Dr. Yasin Ghabon},
      title = {Macroeconomic consequences of youth unemployment},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {12},
      pages = {739-744},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1709156.pdf},
      abstract = {Youth unemployment is a persistent macroeconomic issue that poses serious risks to social stability and economic growth, particularly in emerging nations like Kenya. With a focus on Kenya, this paper examines the complex effects of young unemployment from both a global and Sub-Saharan African standpoint. It draws attention to how youth unemployment lowers household income and consumption, causes underutilization of human capital, lowers tax revenue, and raises state spending on social welfare programs. Long-term societal repercussions, such as a rise in crime, mental health problems, drug misuse, and political instability, exacerbate these economic implications. The mismatch between education and labor market demands, fast population expansion, poor policy execution, and restricted access to formal work opportunities and capital are some of the structural factors contributing to youth unemployment in Kenya that are also covered in the paper. It recommends comprehensive policy measures, such as funding for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), labor market changes, entrepreneurial encouragement, and regional development projects, based on contemporary empirical evidence and literature. The paper concludes that addressing youth unemployment is crucial to achieving sustained economic growth, lower inequality, and accomplishing Kenya's Vision 2030 objectives.},
      keywords = {Youth unemployment, Macroeconomics, Economic Growth},
      month = {June},
  }