Occurrence of Salmonella Species in Poultry Eggs and Their Susceptibilities to Antibiotics

References

[1] D. Taddese, T. Tolosa, B. Deresa, M. Lakow, A. Olani & S. Shumi “Antibiograms and risk factors of Salmonella isolates from laying hens and eggs in Jimma Town, South Western Ethiopia”. Biomedical Central Research Note, 12(2019), 472-479.

[2] H. Sharkawy, A. Tahoun, A.E.G.A. El-Gohary, M. El-Abasy, F. El-Khayat, T. Gillespie & H. El-Adawy “Epidemiological, molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms in Egypt”. Gut Pathology, 9(2017), 8-14.

[3] V.K. Naik, S. Shakya, A. Patyal & N.E. Gade “Isolation and molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. from chevon and chicken meat collected from different districts of Chhattisgarh, India”. Veterinary World, 8(2015), 702-711.

[4] K.O. Akinyem, C.O. Fakorede & J. Linde “Whole genome sequencing of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from humans, animals, and the environment in Lagos, Nigeria”. BMC Microbiology, 23 (2023), 164.

[5] A. Kebede, J. Kemal, H. Alemayehu & M. S. Habte “Isolation, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Salmonella from slaughtered bovines and ovines in Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise Ethiopia”. International Journal of Bacteriology, 8(2016), 421-433.

[6] R.E. Castro-Vargas, M.P. Herrera-Sanchez, R. Rodriguez-Hemandez and I.S. Rondon-Barragan “Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry: A global overview”. Veterinary World, 13(2020), 2070-2084.

[7] P. Donado-Godoy, I. Gardner, B.A. Byrne, M. Leon, E. Perez-Gutierrez, M.V. Ovalle, M.A. Tafur & W. Miller “Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella from Commercial Broiler Farms in Two Important Poultry-Producing Regions of Colombia”. Journal of Food Protection, 75(2012), 874-883.

[8] R.A. Devasia, J.K. Varma, J. Whichard, S. Gettner, A.B. Cronquist, S. Hurd, S. Segler, K. Smith, D. Hoefer, B. Shiferaw, F.J. Angulo & T.F. Jones “Antimicrobial use and outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant and pansusceptible Salmonella Newport infections, 2015-2016”. Microbial Drug Resistance, 11(2016), 371-377.

[9] E.J. Threlfall, L.R. Ward, J.A. Frost & G.A. Willshaw “The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in food-borne bacteria”. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 62(2015), 1-5.

[10] Y.D. Malann & A.H. Soso “The Prevalence of Parasitic Infestation on commonly sold vegetables in Gwagwalada Market, F.C.T, Abuja”. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 1(2012), 163-165.

[11] S. C. Aondoakaa “Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria”. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 5(2012), 559-566.

[12] M. Cheesbrough “District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries”. 2nd Edn., Cambridge University Press, UK. 2006, PP. 200-301

[13] L. Terranova, M. Oriano, A. Teri, L. Ruggiero, C. Tafuro, P. Marchisio, A. Gramegna, M., E. Franceschi, S. Sottotetti, L. Cariani, A. Bevivino, J. D. Chalmers, S. Aliberti & F. Blasi “How to Process Sputum Samples and Extract Bacterial DNA for Microbiota Analysis”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(2018),32-56.

[14] Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) “Performance standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Information Supplement”. Updated tables for the NCCLS antimicrobial susceptibility testing standard. 2017, M31-A2.

[15] A.I.R. Detha & F.U. Datta “Antimicrobial activity of traditional wines (Sopi and Moke) against Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli”. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 3(2016), 282-285.

[16] A.C. Kimura, V. Reddy, R. Marcus, P.R. Cieslak, J.C. Mohle-Boetani, H.D. Kassenborg, S.D. Segler, F.P. Hardnett, T. Barrett & D.L. Swerdlow “Chicken consumption is a newly identified risk factor for sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infections in the United States: a case-control study in FoodNet sites”. Clinical Infectious Disease, 38 (2014), 244-252.

[17] M. L. Fernández-Márquez, M. J. G. Burgos, R. P. Pulido, A. Gálvez & R. L. López “Biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from hen eggshells”. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 14(2017), 89–95

[18] A. P. Magiorakos, A. Srinivasan, R.B. Carey, Y. Carmeli, M. E. Falagas, C. G. Giske, S. Harbarth, J. F. Hindler, G. Kahlmeter, B. Olsson-Liljequist & D. L. Paterson “Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18(2012), 268–281.

[19] I.C. Okoli, G.E. Ndujihe & I.P. Ogbuewu “Frequency of isolation of Salmonella from commercial poultry feeds and their antimicrobial resistance profile in Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Health Allied Sciences, 5(2016), 2-3.

[20] S. Khan, A. R. McWhorter, T. S. Moyle & K. K. Chousalkar “Refrigeration of eggs influences the virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium”. Scientific Reports, 11(2021):18-26.

@article{1710911,
      author = {Josiah Onukwuojo-Paul Idama, Sylvanus Chukwudi Ugoh},
      title = {Occurrence of Salmonella Species in Poultry Eggs and Their Susceptibilities to Antibiotics},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {9},
      number = {3},
      pages = {1364-1373},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1710911.pdf},
      abstract = {The study on the occurrence of Salmonella species in poultry eggs and their susceptibilities to antibiotics was conducted. A total of thirty (30) poultry eggs samples were collected from three (3) poultry farms (A, B and C) in Gwagwalada. The antibiogram was carried out using commercially made sensitivity disc. The eggshell recorded the highest bacterial load of 1.8x104?0.1CFU/ml while the egg content had bacterial load of 1.5x102?0.2 CFU/ml as its highest. Out fourteen (14) Salmonella spp isolated from the poultry eggs, six (6) were isolated from Farm B, five (5) from Farm A while three (3) were isolated from Farm C. However total number isolates in this study showed that Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium were 8 while Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis were six. Eleven (11) Salmonella spp were recorded in eggshell while only three (3) were recorded in the egg content. Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium was the most frequently isolated which represented 57.14% while Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis represented 42.86 % of the total isolates. The Salmonella species isolated from all the samples showed varying levels of susceptibility and resistance to the tested antibiotics. Salmonella Typhimurium was susceptible to cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin but resistant to ampicillin, tarivid and nalidixic acid. Also, Salmonella Enteritidis was susceptible to chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, ampicillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin but resistant to tarivid and nalidixic acid. This study revealed the presence of Salmonella serovars on eggs surfaces and egg content with potential antimicrobial-resistant traits. Therefore, it is recommended that preparation of eggs for domestic use should be handled with extreme care.},
      keywords = {Salmonella, Antibiotics, Eggs},
      month = {September},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I3-1710911-3796}
  }