Home / Current Issue / Paper 1710991
Strategic Thinking and The Implementation of Business Intelligence System of Coca Cola Plc, Abuja, Nigeria
Subject area: Management and Commerce · Area of research: Strategic Thinking and Business Intelligence
DOI: 10.64388/IREV9I3-1710991-7751
Abstract
The study examined the extent to which strategic thinking shaped the implementation of a business intelligence system at Coca-Cola Nigeria Plc, Abuja. A quantitative design was employed, using structured questionnaires administered to a sample of 139 respondents drawn from a population of 214, determined through the Yamane formula. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling (SEM) were applied for data analysis. Results indicated that strategic thinking significantly influenced the implementation of business intelligence, with notable positive effects on strategic, competitive, and technological intelligence. The study concluded that strategic thinking plays a pivotal role in enhancing business intelligence adoption. It was recommended that management strengthen strategic thinking practices to establish a robust BI framework aligned with organizational objectives, thereby improving long-term planning and competitive advantage.
Keywords
Strategic Thinking, Business Intelligence System
References
[1] Adamik, A. (2023). Technology Intelligence as a One of the Key Factors for Successful Strategic Management in the Smart World. Problemy Zarządzania, 21(3 (101)), 71-101.
[2] Al-Dosari, I. B. K. (2024). Enhancing the Performance of Continuing Education Managers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Through Strategic Thinking. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER), (109).
[3] Al-Kubaisi, O. N. S. (2023). Strategic intelligence and its impact on enhancing organizational reputation: An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of workers in the Anbar Education Directorate-Fallujah Education Department. Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, 19(61 part 2).
[4] Alnawafleh, A., Qatawneh, N. A., & Al-Maaitah, D. A. (2024). Strategies for success: A theoretical model for implementing business intelligence systems to enhance organizational performance. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 11(5) 2024, Pages: 55-61
[5] Baričević, M., & Luić, L. (2023). From active learning to innovative thinking: The influence of learning the design thinking process among students. Education sciences, 13(5), 455.
[6] Popoola, Boronat-Navarro, M., Escribá-Esteve, A., & Navarro-Campos, J. (2024). Ambidexterity in micro and small firms: Can competitive intelligence compensate for size constraints?. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 27(3), 210-226.
[7] Briceno Brignole, R. (2024). Doing Good By Approaching Well: Enhancing a System Thinking Mindset and Ecosystem for Student Entrepreneurs Tackling Systemic Issues in Growth Markets (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
[8] Butler, H. A. (2024). Predicting everyday critical thinking: A review of critical thinking assessments. Journal of Intelligence, 12(2), 16.
[9] Cechvala, S. (2024). Systems thinking for management practitioners and scholars: Strengthening the tools to analyse “wicked problems”. Business Horizons.
[10] Chebrolu, S. K. (2025). AI-powered business intelligence: A systematic literature review on the future of decision-making in enterprises. Available at SSRN 5183746.
[11] Chen, Z., Zhao, J., & Jin, C. (2025). Business intelligence for Industry 4.0: predictive models for retail and distribution. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 53(3), 1-16.
[12] Coccia, M. (2024). Converging Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Technologies: Accelerated Growth Effects in Technological Evolution. Technologies, 12(5), 66.
[13] DeVault, G. (2018). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Market Research.
[14] Deo, S., & Hölttä-Otto, K. (2024). Critical Thinking Assessment in Engineering Education: A Scopus-Based Literature Review. Journal of Mechanical Design, 146(7).
[15] ixit, S., Singh, S., Dhir, S., & Dhir, S. (2021). Antecedents of strategic thinking and its impact on competitive advantage. Journal of Indian Business Research, 13(4), 437-458.
[16] Douhid, C., Abid, Y., & Chemlal, M. (2024, April). Strategic Intelligence as a Pillar of Economic Intelligence in the Era of Governance 2.0. In The International Workshop on Big Data and Business Intelligence (pp. 340-353). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
[17] Ekanem, I. (2024). Principles of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability: An Evidence-Based Approach. Taylor & Francis.
[18] Faúndez, M. O., & de la Fuente-Mella, H. (2022). Data analysis and domain knowledge for strategic competencies using business intelligence and analytics. Mathematics, 11(1), 34.
[19] Flamand, M., & Coustumer, P. L. (2024). Proposal of a framework for assessing data quality for technology intelligence: evidence from the building industry. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 13(3), 191-212.
[20] Foster, M., Arvand, H., Graham, H. T., & Bedford, D. (2023). Futuring Methods to Support Strategic Thinking. In Knowledge Preservation and Curation (pp. 197-201). Emerald Publishing Limited.
[21] Gefen, D., Straub, D., & Boudreau, M.-C. (2010). "Structural Equation Modelling and Regression: Guidelines for Research Practice." Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 4, 1-70.
[22] Geier, M. T. (2024). Strategic thinking: theoretical development and assessment. Journal of Strategy and Management, 17(1), 1-21.
[23] Gorondutse, A. H., Alqershi, N., Ibrahim, A. S., Abdussalam, I. I., & Salisu, I. (2024). Linking Green Innovation and Business Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Strategic Thinking. Business Perspectives and Research, 22785337241255835.
[24] Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
[25] Hurbean, L., Militaru, F., Muntean, M., & Danaiata, D. (2023). The Impact of Business Intelligence and Analytics Adoption on Decision Making Effectiveness and Managerial Work Performance. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 70(SI), 43-54.
[26] Jamiu, O. A., Kazeem, F. O., Esso, O. H., & Muhammed, U. D. (2022). Technology and Product Innovation in Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria. Lapai Journal of Humanities, 13(1), 87-107.
[27] Jiménez-Partearroyo, M., & Medina-López, A. (2024). Leveraging Business Intelligence Systems for Enhanced Corporate Competitiveness: Strategy and Evolution. Systems, 12(3), 94.
[28] Joel, O. T., & Oguanobi, V. U. (2024). Leadership and management in high-growth environments: effective strategies for the clean energy sector. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(5), 1423-1440.
[29] Kettani, Z., Garreau, L., & Belemlih, A. (2024). Exploring competitive intelligence through the lens of managerial openness: a literature review and future research agenda. In XXXIIIème conférence de l’AIMS (Association Internationale de Management Stratégique).
[30] Kimmel, S. (2024). AI Facilitated Critical Thinking in an Undergraduate Project Based Service-Learning Course. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 24(2), 123-130.
[31] Kirbac, A., Burmaoglu, S., & Ozdemir Gungor, D. (2023). Technological intelligence for circular supply chain: a co-citation analysis approach. foresight, 25(3), 320-333.
[32] Kongthanasuwan, T., Sriwiboon, N., Horbanluekit, B., Laesanklang, W., & Krityakierne, T. (2023). Market Analysis with Business Intelligence System for Marketing Planning. Information, 14(2), 116.
[33] Kula, M. E., & Naktiyok, A. (2021). Strategic thinking and competitive intelligence: Comparative research in the automotive and communication industries. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, 11(2).
[34] Lee, N. Y., Wang, Z., & Lim, B. (2024). The development of critical thinking: What university students have to say. Teaching in Higher Education, 29(1), 286-299.
[35] Ledi, K. K., Dumeda, R. B., Bandoma, S., & Ameza-Xemalordzo, E. (2024). Strategic thinking and innovation as panaceas for hotel performance in turbulent business environments. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2328330.
[36] Mahabub, S., Hossain, M. R., & Snigdha, E. Z. (2025). Data-Driven Decision-Making and Strategic Leadership: AI-Powered Business Operations for Competitive Advantage and Sustainable Growth. Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies, 7(1), 326-336.
[37] Martins, A., Bianchi de Aguiar, M. T., Sambento, M., & Branco, M. C. (2024). Business intelligence system adoption and the leveraging of reporting process capabilities. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change.
[38] Mohammed, A. B., Al-Okaily, M., Qasim, D., & Al-Majali, M. K. (2024). Towards an understanding of business intelligence and analytics usage: Evidence from the banking industry. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(1), 100215.
[39] Nadav, N., Benoliel, P., & Schechter, C. (2024). Principals' systems thinking and student outcomes: the intervening role of school structure. International Journal of Educational Management.
[40] Norzalan, H. S. M., Arshad, D., & Husin, N. S. (2024). The Moderating Role of Environmental Dynamism on Strategic Thinking and Decision-Making Competency. International Journal of Future Education and Advances (IJFEA) Vol. 1 Issue 1, eISSN 3036-003X
[41] Novelli, E., & Spina, C. (2024). Making business model decisions like scientists: Strategic commitment, uncertainty, and economic performance. Strategic Management Journal.
[42] Nzeki, D. M., Datche, E. A., Kising’u, T. M., & Mwirigi, F. M. (2024). Competitor Intelligence Capability And Firm Performance In Logistics Companies In Kenya. Reviewed Journal International of Business Management [ISSN 2663-127X], 5(1), 248-282.
[43] Ogborigbo, J. C., Sobowale, O. S., Amienwalen, E. I., Owoade, Y., Samson, A. T., & Egerson, J. (2024). Strategic integration of cyber security in business intelligence systems for data protection and competitive advantage. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(1), 081-096.
[44] Olaleye, B. R., Bojuwon, M., Ibrahim, R. I. M., & Ali-Momoh, B. O. (2021). Nexus between strategic thinking, competitive intelligence and innovation capability: Managerial support Olubiyi, T. O., & Akinlabi, H. B. (2025). Intelligent Decision Making Through Adoption of Business Analytics: Empirical Evidence From Behavioural Intentions of African SMEs. In Generative AI for Business Analytics and Strategic Decision Making in Service Industry (pp. 137-168). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
[45] Omol, E., Mburu, L., & Abuonji, P. (2024). Unlocking Digital Transformation: The Pivotal Role of Data Analytics and Business Intelligence Strategies. International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology, 14(3), 77-91.
[46] Ovivi A. J. (2022) Business Intelligence; An Introduction to Data Driven Rethinking & Alignment, First Edition, Joyce Graphic Printers & Publishers, Kaduna – Nigeria. ISBN: 978 - 978 - 58265 - 7 – 9
[47] Ovivi A. J. & Bello A. (2022) Business Intelligence System and Operational Performance of Selected Telecommunication Companies in the Federal Capital Territory, Gusau Journal Of Business Administration (GUJOBA) | Vol. 1, Issue 1
[48] Ovivi, A. J., Kazeem, F. O., Esso, O. H., Dombut, D. P., & Agulanna, A. N. (2024) Customer Intelligence And Business Performance Of Shoprite In FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Accounting Business and Entrepreneurship (IJABE), Vol. 3, No. 1, ISSN 2795-3483
[49] Panchal, G., Clegg, B., Koupaei, E. E., Masi, D., & Collis, I. (2024). Digital transformation and business intelligence for a SME: systems thinking action research using PrOH modelling. Procedia Computer Science, 232, 1809-1818.
[50] Paiuc, D. Săniuță, A. & Teacu Parincu, A.M. (2024) Strategic Intelligence: A Semantic Leadership Perspective. Encyclopedia, 4, 785-798. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020050
[51] Pirela, C. V., Plata, A. O., & Hernandez, G. L. (2024). Strategic thinking as a potential factor in the growth of companies in the dairy sector. Management (Montevideo), 2, 40-40.
[52] Popoola, O. A., Adama, H. E., Okeke, C. D., & Akinoso, A. E. (2024). The strategic value of business analysts in enhancing organizational efficiency and operations. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(4), 1288-1303.
[53] Ramírez, J. H., Angarita, M. Z. S., & Vigoya, M. F. (2024). Rise and Evolution of Design Thinking Research for Business Innovation. The International Journal of Design Management and Professional Practice, 18(2), 81.
[54] Roustaei, N., & Taghavi, N. (2023). The Effect of Strategic Intelligence on Competitive Advantage with Considering the mediating role of entrepreneurship (Case Study of Tehran Power Distribution Company). Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 14(53).
[55] Ruiz-Rojas, L. I., Salvador-Ullauri, L., & Acosta-Vargas, P. (2024). Collaborative Working and Critical Thinking: Adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Higher Education. Sustainability, 16(13), 5367.
[56] Sa’ari, H., Adenan, H., & Goulding, A. (2024). How Can Deep Learning and Strategic Thinking Transform Agri-Business Research in Malaysian Academic Libraries?. International Journal of Academic Reserach in Economics and Management Sciences, 13(1).
[57] Safaei, I., & Heidarian Bayi, E. (2022). The impact of strategic thinking on innovation and organizational change in managers of sports administrations of South Khorasan: The mediating role of strategic intelligence. Sport Management Journal, 14(4), 239-223.
[58] Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2017). "Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling." In Handbook of Market Research, edited by C. Homburg, M. Klarmann, and A. Vomberg. Springer, Cham.
[59] Shafieieh, M., Ozturen, A., Rezapouraghdam, H., & Karatepe, O. M. (2024). Does Critical Thinking Mediate the Relationship between Sustainability Knowledge and Tourism Students’ Ability to Make Sustainable Decisions?. Sustainability, 16(13), 5655.
[60] Skrzek-Lubasińska, M., & Malik, R. (2023). Is critical thinking a future skill for business success: science mapping and literature review. Central European Management Journal, 31(1), 48-63.
[61] Siddiqui, N. A. (2025). Optimizing Business Decision-Making Through AI-Enhanced Business Intelligence Systems: A Systematic Review of Data-Driven Insights in Financial And Strategic Planning. Strategic Data Management and Innovation, 2(1), 202-223.
[62] Sutrisno, S., Hadi, D. P., & Wibowo, B. Y. (2024). Analysis Of The Role Of Education In Driving Technological Innovation In The Business World. Technopreneurship and Educational Development Review (TENDER), 1(1), 7-13.
[63] Talaoui, Y., Kohtamäki, M., & Rajala, R. (2020). Seeking' Strategy' in Business Intelligence Literature: Theorizing BI as part of strategy research. Technology Innovation Management Review, 10(9), 27-37.
[64] Trieu, V.H. (2022), “Towards an understanding of actual business intelligence technology use: an individual user perspective”, Information Technology & People, Vol. 36 No. 1.
[65] Tsiu, S. V., Ngobeni, M., Mathabela, L., & Thango, B. (2025). Applications and competitive advantages of data mining and business intelligence in SMEs performance: A systematic review. Businesses, 5(2), 22.
[66] Uchechukwu, E. S. (2024). Business Intelligence and Decision-Making in Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in Africa. Scholars journal of economics, business and management/Scholars journal of economics, business and management.
[67] Usman, M., Khan, R., & Moinuddin, M. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Adoption on Organizational Performance in the Manufacturing Sector. Revista Espanola de Documentacion Cientifica, 18(02), 95-116.
[68] Wan Rosely, W. I. H., & Voulvoulis, N. (2024). System Thinking for Sustainable Water Management: The Use of System Tools in Sustainability Transitions. Water Resources Management, 38(4), 1315-1337.
[69] Wu, Q., Yan, D., & Umair, M. (2023). Assessing the role of competitive intelligence and practices of dynamic capabilities in business accommodation of SMEs. Economic Analysis and Policy, 77, 1103-1114.
[70] Yucra, J. E. F., Cruz, R. C., Miranda, J. C. H., & Benites, J. (2024). Enhanced Strategic Surveillance And Competitive Intelligence Systems Through Advanced Big Data Capabilities. Migration Letters, 21(S4), 482-494.
[71] Zarafili, S. S., & Zarafili, L. S. (2023). Exploring the impact of strategic intelligence on strategic orientation: A field study on Jordanian commercial banks. Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 19(4).
How to cite this paper
@article{1710991,
author = {Ovivi Audu Jamiu, Ayasal Anthony Auya},
title = {Strategic Thinking and The Implementation of Business Intelligence System of Coca Cola Plc, Abuja, Nigeria},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2025},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {1935-1951},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1710991.pdf},
abstract = {The study examined the extent to which strategic thinking shaped the implementation of a business intelligence system at Coca-Cola Nigeria Plc, Abuja. A quantitative design was employed, using structured questionnaires administered to a sample of 139 respondents drawn from a population of 214, determined through the Yamane formula. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling (SEM) were applied for data analysis. Results indicated that strategic thinking significantly influenced the implementation of business intelligence, with notable positive effects on strategic, competitive, and technological intelligence. The study concluded that strategic thinking plays a pivotal role in enhancing business intelligence adoption. It was recommended that management strengthen strategic thinking practices to establish a robust BI framework aligned with organizational objectives, thereby improving long-term planning and competitive advantage.},
keywords = {Strategic Thinking, Business Intelligence System},
month = {September},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I3-1710991-7751}
}