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Analysis of the Impact of Renewable Energy Sources (PV and WT) on Distribution Network Stability
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Renewable Energy & Grid Stability
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I4-1711031
Abstract
Modern power systems are witnessing rapidly increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), particularly photovoltaic (PV) plants and wind turbines (WT), driven by global decarbonization initiatives and the need for enhanced energy security. However, the inverter-based structure and low-inertia characteristics of these sources introduce significant challenges to distribution network stability. This paper presents a systematic and up-to-date review of studies published between 2011 and 2025 that analyze the impacts of RES integration on voltage stability, frequency stability, reactive power management, and overall power quality. The reviewed literature indicates that high RES penetration commonly leads to voltage rise, reverse power flow, harmonic amplification, and frequency deviations resulting from reduced synchronous inertia. Proposed solutions include Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control, advanced proportional–integral (PI) and fractional-order PID (FOPID) controllers, and artificial intelligence–based optimization techniques such as the Recurrent Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (RANFIS). Recent developments also highlight the growing stabilizing role of electric vehicles (EVs) through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) services, as well as hybrid storage configurations combining BESS and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to enhance system flexibility. Overall, the review concludes that coordinated deployment of advanced control strategies, energy storage systems, and intelligent optimization methods is essential to mitigate the increasingly complex technical challenges associated with high renewable penetration in modern distribution networks.
Keywords
Distribution Network Stability, Energy Storage Systems, Frequency Stability, Microgrids, Renewable Energy Integration; Voltage Control
How to cite this paper
@article{1711031,
author = {Serhat Unsal},
title = {Analysis of the Impact of Renewable Energy Sources (PV and WT) on Distribution Network Stability},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2025},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {2199-2206},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1711031.pdf},
abstract = {Modern power systems are witnessing rapidly increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), particularly photovoltaic (PV) plants and wind turbines (WT), driven by global decarbonization initiatives and the need for enhanced energy security. However, the inverter-based structure and low-inertia characteristics of these sources introduce significant challenges to distribution network stability. This paper presents a systematic and up-to-date review of studies published between 2011 and 2025 that analyze the impacts of RES integration on voltage stability, frequency stability, reactive power management, and overall power quality. The reviewed literature indicates that high RES penetration commonly leads to voltage rise, reverse power flow, harmonic amplification, and frequency deviations resulting from reduced synchronous inertia. Proposed solutions include Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control, advanced proportional–integral (PI) and fractional-order PID (FOPID) controllers, and artificial intelligence–based optimization techniques such as the Recurrent Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (RANFIS). Recent developments also highlight the growing stabilizing role of electric vehicles (EVs) through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) services, as well as hybrid storage configurations combining BESS and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to enhance system flexibility. Overall, the review concludes that coordinated deployment of advanced control strategies, energy storage systems, and intelligent optimization methods is essential to mitigate the increasingly complex technical challenges associated with high renewable penetration in modern distribution networks.},
keywords = {Distribution Network Stability, Energy Storage Systems, Frequency Stability, Microgrids, Renewable Energy Integration; Voltage Control},
month = {October},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I4-1711031}
}