Military Slangs Among Nigerian Army Personnel in Selected Barracks in Kaduna State, Northwest Nigeria

References

[1] Aderibigbe, O., Johnson, K., & Williams, M. (2023). Language Evolution and Cooperative Communication: A Sociolinguistic Approach. Oxford University Press.

[2] Akindele, F., Adegbite, W., & Ogundepo, A. (2022). Nigerian English: Evolution, Varieties and Contemporary Usage Patterns. African Linguistics Press.

[3] Akinlotan, A. (2023). The use of English in the Nigerian military: A Reflection of Colonial Influence and Socio-political Dynamics. [Publisher information if available]

[4] Alabi, O. (2024). English Proficiency in Nigerian Military: Enhancing International Defense Collaboration. International Defense Journal, 45(2), 112-125.

[5] Amatya, R. (2020). War and Language enrichment: Military Linguistics Revisited. Linguistics in Conflict Zones, 11(1), 89–104.

[6] Batool, S., & Shakur, M. (2023). Communication Accommodation Theory in hierarchical institutions. Journal of Communication Studies, 28(2), 73–90.

[7] Bicchi, S. (2022). Social Dynamics in Communities of Practice: A Military Perspective. Organizational Studies Review, 18(3), 45-59.

[8] Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1983). Discourse Analysis. Cambridge University Press.

[9] Byram, M., & Golubeva, I. (2020). Language, Culture, and Military Operations: Intercultural Communication in Modern Defense Strategies. International Military Linguistics Review, 38(4), 67-89.

[10] Clark, H. H. (1978). Reference and Reference Processes. In P. Cole (Ed.), Syntax and Semantics (Vol. 9, pp. 79-107). Academic Press.

[11] Deumert, A. (2021). The Dynamics of Military Language: Informal and Formal Varieties in Military Communication. International Journal of Language and Society, 29(3), 34-49.

[12] Egbah, S., & Ugwu, B. (2024). Language Diversity in the Nigerian Military: A Case Study of Barracks Communication. African Journal of Language and Culture, 11(2), 102-116.

[13] Emina, K., & Ikegbu, O. (2020). Nigerian Army Deployments: Perspectives on Peacekeeping and Linguistic Adaptation. Journal of African Security Studies, 5(2), 134–1https://doi.org/xxxx56.

[14] Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., Hyams, N., & Amberber, M. (2018). An Introduction to Language (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.

[15] Gaete, D. (2022). Social Identity and Language Accommodation: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Insights. International Journal of Communication, 16(3), 121–139.

[16] Haslam, J., Chen, K., & Roberts, M. (2020). Communication Accommodation Theory: Applications in Military Settings. Journal of Military Communication Studies, 15(4), 423-441.

[17] Hernández-Campoy, J. M. (2020). Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. Routledge.

[18] Hoffman, R., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Application of Communication Accommodation Theory in Military Contexts. Journal of Interpersonal Communication, 30(1), 102–120.

[19] Hogue, C. (2023). Learning through Practice: Community of Practice Theory in Military Training. Journal of Learning and Development, 8(1), 34–48.

[20] Holmes, J., & Wilson, N. (2022). Sociolinguistics and its Military Applications. Cambridge University Press.

[21] Idem, U., & Udoh, E. (2022). The Historical Development of English in Nigeria: From Colonization to Contemporary Usage. Journal of Nigerian Languages and Linguistics.

[22] Ilori, T. (2023). English Language Dominance in Nigerian Institutions: Educational, Legal, and Socioeconomic Implications. International Journal of Language and Education.

[23] Jones, R. H., & Themistocleous, C. (2022). Introducing Language and Society. Cambridge University

[24] Kaninya, E. (2020). Navigating the Balance between English and Indigenous Languages in the Nigerian Military: Challenges and Opportunities. Nigerian Military Studies Journal, 35(2), 114-130.

[25] Keating, J. (2023). Informal communication: Linguistic Features and Social Dynamics. Journal of Sociolinguistic Studies, 28(2), 150-167. https://doi.org/xxxx

[26] May, R., & Perry, S. (2022). Sociolinguistic Variation and Change: Understanding Language Evolution in Social Contexts. Applied Linguistics Review, 33(2), 178-195.

[27] Palchevska, I., (2023). Military Slang in English-Speaking Countries: Origins, Structure, and Semantics. Journal of Military Discourse, 14(2), 87-99.

[28] Patrick, O., (2023). Multicultural Dynamics within the Nigerian Military: Language, Identity, and Cohesion. Journal of Nigerian Military Studies, 30(1), 45-59.

[29] Rozkwitalska, M., & Lis, J. (2022). Community of Practice and Knowledge Sharing in Military Institutions. International Journal of Organizational Learning, 20(2), 121-135.

[30] Salihu, M. (2021). The Role of Language in Military Structures: English as the Official Language of the Nigerian Military. Publisher. DOI/URL (if available).

[31] Sanmee, K., Lee, J., & Rodriguez, M. (2021). Cross-cultural Communication and Social Harmony: Understanding Diversity through Language. SAGE Publications.

[32] Sulemana, M. (2022). Post-colonial Linguistics and National Identity: The Case of Nigerian English. African Studies Quarterly.

[33] Stark, L. (2020). Theories and Frameworks in Social Science Research. Oxford University Press.

[34] Ugwu, E. O. (2020). Nigeria is Home to Hundreds of Indigenous Languages, each with its own rich Cultural Heritage and Significance. European Scientific Journal, 16(17), 48.

[35] Unuabonah, F. O., Ajiboye, E., & Adeyemi, K. (2021). Language Contact and Change in Nigerian Military Communication: A Study of Pidgin English Integration. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics, 42(3), 245-267.

[36] Uwen, A., & Ekpe, M. (2023). Sociolinguistic Theory and Language Practices in Nigerian Military. Journal of Linguistics, 35(2), 134-148.

[37] Wardhaugh, R., & Fuller, J. M. (2015). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (7th ed.). John Wiley-Blackwell.

[38] Weinberg, R., et al. (2021). Community of Practice: Theory and Application in Military Contexts. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(2), 92-107.

[39] Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical Investigations (3rd ed.). Blackwell Publishing

[40] Wusu, O. (2020). The predominance of English in the Nigerian Military and its Impact on Indigenous Languages and Cultural Identities. Journal of Language and Cultural Studies, 45(3), 212-230. https://doi.org/xxxx.

@article{1711107,
      author = {Umar Idris Ja?afaru, Ibrahim Awwal, Adam Al-Amin Abdullahi},
      title = {Military Slangs Among Nigerian Army Personnel in Selected Barracks in Kaduna State, Northwest Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {9},
      number = {4},
      pages = {176-192},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1711107.pdf},
      abstract = {This study investigates Military slang usage among Nigerian army personnel, in the selected military barracks in Kaduna State, Northwest Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, the study combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze the linguistic features of military slangs in communication. Data were collected through participant observation, structured interviews, and questionnaires administered to 30 military personnel across different ranks. The study analyzes 35 selected military slangs, examining their morphological, phonological, syntactic, and semantic properties. Findings reveal that military slangs exhibit complex patterns of linguistic hybridization, incorporating elements from English, Nigerian Pidgin, and major indigenous languages (Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba). The quantitative analysis shows that 60% of the analyzed terms derived from English, 25% from indigenous languages, and 15% represent hybrid formations. The research demonstrates that these military slang terms serve dual functions: facilitating efficient communication and reinforcing in-group identity within the military community. The study concludes that the Nigerian military's slangs represent a distinct sociolect characterized by creative word formation processes, semantic shift, and context-bound meanings. This linguistic variety transcends ranks and specific service branches, contributing to institutional cohesion while reflecting Nigeria's multilingual environment. This research contributes to sociolinguistics by documenting and analyzing an understudied variety of Nigerian military English, providing insights into language contact phenomena in professional institutions, and demonstrating how military slangs practices contribute to group identity formation. Additionally, it establishes a framework for analyzing occupational varieties of English in multilingual contexts.},
      keywords = {Military slangs, Nigerian Army, Personnel, Barracks, North-West Nigeria},
      month = {October},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I4-1711107-7353}
  }