Therapeutic Effect of Locally Harvested P. Amarus Crude Methanolic Leaf Extract and Vitamin E on Liver and Kidney Parameters in Rat Model

• Author(s): Orutugu Ayibatonye Lemmy; Gborienemi Simeon George; Ferdinand Chukwuma Ezeiruaku
• Paper ID: 1712027
• Page: 1256-1258
• Published Date: 18-11-2025
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 9 Issue 5 November-2025

Abstract

Environmental pollutants such as Bisphenol A (BPA) are known endocrine disruptors that exert toxic effects on vital organs, primarily through oxidative stress and free radical generation. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of Phyllanthus amarus crude methanolic leaf extract (PAE) compared with Vitamin E on hepatic and renal biochemical parameters in BPA-induced oxidative stress in Rattus norvegicus. The influence of environmental toxicity and the potential protective role of P. amarus were the primary focus. Twenty-four adult male Rattus norvegicus were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 4): Control, BPA only, BPA + PAE (low dose), BPA + PAE (high dose), BPA + Vitamin E, and PAE only. BPA exposure was used to induce oxidative stress, while the treatments were administered post-exposure. Serum biochemical indices (total and conjugated bilirubin, AST, ALT, albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine) were analyzed using standard enzymatic and chemical methods. Data were expressed as mean ? SD, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, with significance set at p < 0.05. Exposure to BPA resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) increase in AST, ALP, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urea and creatinine, indicating hepatocellular and renal damage and impaired excretory function. Conversely, albumin and total protein levels were markedly reduced, reflecting decreased synthetic capacity. Treatment with P. amarus extract produced a dose-dependent amelioration of these biochemical alterations, with the high-dose group (BPA + PAE (H)) showing the greatest recovery. Vitamin E supplementation also restored enzyme, protein, urea and creatinine levels toward normal, confirming its well-established antioxidant, hepato-protective and nephron-protective activity. The PAE-only group maintained biochemical values similar to the control, demonstrating the extract?s non-hepatotoxic, non-nephrotoxic and stabilizing properties. The study confirms that BPA exposure induces oxidative, hepatic and nephrotic stress in rats, while locally harvested Phyllanthus amarus extract effectively mitigates these effects, comparable to Vitamin E. The extract?s phytochemical antioxidants likely contribute to membrane stabilization, free radical scavenging, and functional recovery. These findings support the traditional use of P. amarus and underscore its therapeutic potential as a natural hepato-protective and nephro-protective agent against environmental toxicants.

Keywords

Phyllanthus Amarus, Bisphenol A, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, Hepatoprotection, Nephro-Protection, Vitamin E, Rattus Norvegicus

Citations

IRE Journals:
Orutugu Ayibatonye Lemmy, Gborienemi Simeon George, Ferdinand Chukwuma Ezeiruaku "Therapeutic Effect of Locally Harvested P. Amarus Crude Methanolic Leaf Extract and Vitamin E on Liver and Kidney Parameters in Rat Model" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 5 2025 Page 1256-1258 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I5-1712027

IEEE:
Orutugu Ayibatonye Lemmy, Gborienemi Simeon George, Ferdinand Chukwuma Ezeiruaku "Therapeutic Effect of Locally Harvested P. Amarus Crude Methanolic Leaf Extract and Vitamin E on Liver and Kidney Parameters in Rat Model" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(5) https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I5-1712027