Design and Fabrication of Low-Cost Manual Fertilizer Spilling Farm Equipment

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@article{1712648,
      author = {Nikhil Goudar, Vinay V. Kuppast, Mahesh Mavarakara, Bhimashi Bandi},
      title = {Design and Fabrication of Low-Cost Manual Fertilizer Spilling Farm Equipment},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {9},
      number = {6},
      pages = {787-790},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1712648.pdf},
      abstract = {India?s agriculture sector is heavily dependent on manual labour, and fertilizer application remains one of the most labour-intensive and inefficient field operations. Traditional broadcasting techniques often result in non-uniform fertilizer distribution, excessive material wastage, soil nutrient imbalance, and reduced crop productivity. To address these challenges, a manually operated fertilizer spilling machine has been developed to ensure uniform application while minimizing physical effort and operational cost. The proposed machine incorporates a hopper, metering outlet, and spreading mechanism to distribute fertilizer evenly across the field without relying on external power sources. Field performance evaluation revealed a uniformity of 92?95% in fertilizer distribution, reduced application time, and significant labour savings compared to manual spreading. The machine is lightweight, easy to operate, portable, and suitable for small and medium-scale farmers. The outcomes demonstrate that the fertilizer spilling machine enhances fertilizer utilization efficiency and supports improved crop yield, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural productivity.},
      keywords = {Fertilizer Spilling Machine; Manual Spreader; Agricultural Mechanization; Uniform Distribution; Crop Productivity; Low-Cost Equipment.},
      month = {December},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I6-1712648}
  }