Patterns of Household Water Demand and Supply in and Around Naka Town, Gwer-West, Benue State, Nigeria

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@article{1712688,
      author = {Linus Dio, Maxwell Idoko Ocheri, Patricia Ali, Monday Akpegi Onah},
      title = {Patterns of Household Water Demand and Supply in and Around Naka Town, Gwer-West, Benue State, Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {9},
      number = {6},
      pages = {1095-1106},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1712688.pdf},
      abstract = {This study examines the spatial and functional patterns of household water demand and supply in Naka Town and its surrounding neighbourhoods in Gwer-West Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 385 households selected through stratified random sampling across fifteen residential zones. The study employed structured questionnaires to capture household water use behaviour, access conditions, and consumption levels. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using Excel and SPSS (version 22), while water demand?supply gaps, deficit percentages, and per capita consumption were computed using standard water resource assessment formulas. Findings reveal substantial variation in daily water demand across neighbourhoods, with High Level (80,800 L), Kper-anna (71,717 L), and Atsaha (68,370 L) exhibiting the highest demand, driven by larger populations and socio-economic activities. Total daily demand across Naka was 699,430 L, whereas supply amounted to 436,540 L, leaving a deficit of 262,890 L (37.59%). Water supply coverage varied widely, from 51.63% in Atukpu to 79.37% in Onmbaasha. Per capita water supply averaged 43.4 L/person/day, far below the WHO minimum of 100 L, indicating widespread scarcity. The results found significant spatial disparities in water access and underscore the need for equitable distribution, infrastructural upgrades, and sustainable water management strategies to strengthen water security in Naka and its environs.},
      keywords = {Household, Water, Demand, Supply Neighbourhoods, Naka town},
      month = {December},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I6-1712688}
  }