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Design and Safety of Petroleum Products Storage Depot in Compliance with Local and International Standards
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Oil and Gas Processes
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I7-1713228
Abstract
Petroleum product storage depots are critical downstream facilities that pose significant operational and safety challenges due to flammability, environmental risk, and high inventory volumes. This study presents a process engineering design and safety analysis of a petroleum products storage depot comprising Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK), and Automotive Gas Oil (AGO), each stored in a 2,500 m? atmospheric tank. The work covers tank sizing, pump selection, pipeline hydraulic calculations, hazard area classification, and a systematic Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study. Design calculations are carried out using established engineering correlations, local and international standards such as API 650, API RP 500, NFPA 30, ASME B31.3, Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) guidelines and Mineral Oil Safety Regulations (MOSR). Results show that appropriate pump sizing, conservative pipe diameters, and adequate safety systems significantly reduce operational risk. Recommendations are made for safer depot operation, instrumentation improvements, and regulatory compliance. Minimum Industry Safety Training for Downstream Operators (MISTDO) is made mandatory by NMDPRA for all operators and managers in the Nigerian Midstream/Downstream Petroleum Sector.
Keywords
Petroleum depot design, pump sizing, pipeline hydraulics, hazardous area classification, HAZOP, storage tanks, MISTDO
References
[1] API 650 – Welded Tanks for Oil Storage
[2] API RP 500 – Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations
[3] ASME B31.3 – Process Piping
[4] DPR (2009). PROCEDURE GUIDE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DEPOTS AND FACILITIES. Nigeria: Ministry of Petroleum Resources.
[5] Enarevba, D. R., Izelu, C. O., Oreko, B. U. & Emagbetere, E. (2016). Design and Development of a 10 Million Liters Capacity Petroleum Product Storage Tank. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES). 5 (7): 45-56
[6] EPCM (2025). Petroleum Storage Terminal Basics. South Africahttps://epcmholdings.com/petroleum-storage-terminal-basics/
[7] Guyer, J. P. (2014). An Introduction to Petroleum Fuel Facilities: Bulk Fuel Storage. CED Engineering. New Jersey
[8] KLM (2013). RECOMMENDED PRACTICES ON OIL STORAGE AND HANDLING (PROJECT STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS). Malaysia: KLM Technology Group
[9] Lamorde, M. (2025). REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND ENFORCEMENT
[10] OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS STANDARDS (CHALLENGES, MONITORING & COMPLIANCE). MEMAN WEBINAR
[11] NFPA 30 – Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
[12] NMDPRA (2022). MIDSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM PETROLEUM OPERATIONS REGULATIONS. Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority.
[13] Nomor, A. S., Weor, T. T., Okopi, S. & Shiva, J. (2023). QUALITY EVALUATION OF SELECTED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AT SELECTED POINTS OF SALE (POS) IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS. Global Scientific Journals. 11 (5): 2074 - 2083
[14] NUPRC (2023). Guidelines for the design, Construction and Operation of Oil and Gas Production Facilities in Nigeria. Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission. Version 5
[15] Rob Paredes, R. (2025). SAFETYCULTURE https://safetyculture.com/topics/oil-storage
[16] Sanyang, F. (2017). Petroleum Products Storage Facility Regulations. Gambia: Ministry of Energy and Petroleum
[17] World Bank Group (2007). Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Crude Oil and Petroleum Product Terminals. www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines
How to cite this paper
@article{1713228,
author = {Idongesit Friday Oduok, Francis Ebikabowei Okuboarere, John Peter},
title = {Design and Safety of Petroleum Products Storage Depot in Compliance with Local and International Standards},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {9},
number = {7},
pages = {102-108},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1713228.pdf},
abstract = {Petroleum product storage depots are critical downstream facilities that pose significant operational and safety challenges due to flammability, environmental risk, and high inventory volumes. This study presents a process engineering design and safety analysis of a petroleum products storage depot comprising Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK), and Automotive Gas Oil (AGO), each stored in a 2,500 m? atmospheric tank. The work covers tank sizing, pump selection, pipeline hydraulic calculations, hazard area classification, and a systematic Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study. Design calculations are carried out using established engineering correlations, local and international standards such as API 650, API RP 500, NFPA 30, ASME B31.3, Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) guidelines and Mineral Oil Safety Regulations (MOSR). Results show that appropriate pump sizing, conservative pipe diameters, and adequate safety systems significantly reduce operational risk. Recommendations are made for safer depot operation, instrumentation improvements, and regulatory compliance. Minimum Industry Safety Training for Downstream Operators (MISTDO) is made mandatory by NMDPRA for all operators and managers in the Nigerian Midstream/Downstream Petroleum Sector.},
keywords = {Petroleum depot design, pump sizing, pipeline hydraulics, hazardous area classification, HAZOP, storage tanks, MISTDO},
month = {January},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I7-1713228}
}