From Pod to Product: A Comparative Evaluation of a Biosurfactant-Based Liquid Detergent Formulated from Cola Hispida Agro-Waste

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@article{1713543,
      author = {Kingsley Chijioke Ali, Arinzechukwu Emmanuel Onovo, Adeniyi Oyeyemi Olusegun, Chima Casmir Uzoefuna; Timileyin Joshua Oluwadepo, Emmanuel Chigozie Aham; Hassan Abdulsalam Adewuyi},
      title = {From Pod to Product: A Comparative Evaluation of a Biosurfactant-Based Liquid Detergent Formulated from Cola Hispida Agro-Waste},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {7},
      pages = {1089-1094},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1713543.pdf},
      abstract = {The transition from laboratory biosurfactant production to functional consumer products remains a critical hurdle for sustainable biotechnology. This study completes a circular bioeconomy model by formulating and evaluating a liquid detergent using glycolipid biosurfactants produced from the fermentation of Cola hispida pod agro-waste. Biosurfactants from individual cultures of a Bacillus sp. and a Pseudomonas sp., and from their synergistic consortium, were integrated as the primary active ingredient into a green detergent base. Performance was assessed through foaming ability and stability. The consortium-derived biosurfactant detergent demonstrated superior foaming performance, producing high, persistent foam (rated +++), outperforming detergents from individual cultures (rated ++). A comparative analysis with existing literature on biosurfactant-based cleaners positions our formulation's performance within the context of established systems, while highlighting its unique origin from underutilized agro-waste. This work successfully closes the valorization chain, providing a tangible proof-of-concept for converting agricultural residue into a market-relevant cleaning product. It underscores a viable model for reducing reliance on petrochemical surfactants while addressing waste management challenges through circular production.},
      keywords = {Biosurfactant Application, Green Detergent Formulation, Foaming Capacity, Circular Bioeconomy, Agro-Waste Valorization, Cola Hispida, Comparative Performance.},
      month = {January},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I7-1713543}
  }