Assessing The Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Adults in Ahiazu Mbaise Local Government Area, Imo State

References

[1] World Health Organization. (2023). Global report on hypertension: The race against a silent killer. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240081062

[2] Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature reviews. Nephrology, 16(4), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2

[3] Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Jr., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., MacLaughlin, E. J., Muntner, P., Ovbiagele, B., Smith, S. C., Jr., Spencer, C. C., Stafford, R. S., Taler, S. J., Thomas, R. J., Williams, K. A., Sr., … Wright, J. T., Jr. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(19), e127–e248.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006

[4] Olowoyo, P., & Okekunle, A. P. (2025). Prevalence of hypertension in Africa in the last two decades: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Research, 121(12), 1815–1829.https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaf125

[5] Adeloye, D., Owolabi, E. O., Ojji, D. B., Auta, A., Dewan, M. T., Olanrewaju, T. O., Ogah, O. S., Omoyele, C., Ezeigwe, N., Mpazanje, R. G., Gadanya, M. A., Agogo, E., Alemu, W., Adebiyi, A. O., & Harhay, M. O. (2021).Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Nigeria in 1995 and 2020: A systematic analysis of current evidence. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 23(5), 963–977. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14220

[6] Ogah, O. S., et al. (2020). Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Nigeria: Data from a nationwide survey. Journal of Clinical Hypertension.

[7] Zhou, B., Carrillo-Larco, R. M., Danaei, G., Riley, L. M., Paciorek, C. J., Stevens, G. A., Gregg, E. W., Bennett, J. E., Solomon, B., Singleton, R. K., Iurilli, M. L. C., Lhoste, V. P. F., Cowan, M. J., Savin, S., Woodward, M., & Ezzati, M. (2021). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: A pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. The Lancet, 398(10304), 957–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1

[8] Odili, A. N., Chori, B. S., Danladi, B., Nwakile, P. C., Okoye, I. C., Abdullahi, U., Nwegbu, M. N., Zawaya, K., Essien, I., Sada, K., Ogedengbe, J. O., Aje, A., & Isiguzo, G. C. (2020).

[9] World Health Organization. (2024).

[10] Nwankwo, M., Makena, W., Idris, A., Okamkpa, C. J., Emeka, A. G., Owembabazi, E., & Umoren, E. B. (2025). Hypertension in West Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and associated risk factors. BMC Public Health, 25, 3269. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24647-3

[11] Adeke, A. S., Chori, B. S., Neupane, D., Sharman, J. E., & Odili, A. N. (2024).Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with hypertension in Nigeria: Results from a country-wide survey. Journal of Human Hypertension, 38(4), 365–370. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-022-00673-1

[12] Uchechukwu, O. F., Enemuo, V. C., Ugwuanyi, M. C., Uyor, M. O., & Emmanuel, I. U. (2025). Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and hypertension among adults in Enugu, Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 46(2), 40–51. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2025/v46i21628

[13] Oseni, T. I. A., Ahmed, S. D., Eromon, P. E., Fuh, N. F., & Omoregbe, I. N. (2024). Physical activity, obesity and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases among patients with hypertension and diabetes attending a teaching hospital in Edo State, Nigeria. PLOS ONE, 19(8), e0307526. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307526

[14] Adeniyi, O. A., Eniade, O. D., Olarinmoye, A. T., Abiodun, B. A., Okedare, O. O., Eniade, A. A., & Atolagbe, J. E. (2023). Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 23(4), 324–332.

@article{1714456,
      author = {Odom Uchechukwu, Ifeanyi Chikere Ebirim, Eunice A. Nwoke, Ugonma Winnie Dozie, Chikadibia Kizito Odinaka},
      title = {Assessing The Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Adults in Ahiazu Mbaise Local Government Area, Imo State},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {8},
      pages = {1342-1352},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1714456.pdf},
      abstract = {Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a major public health concern in Nigeria. Its increasing prevalence is closely linked to demographic transitions and unhealthy lifestyle practices. However, local-level data on specific risk factors remain limited in many communities, including Ahiazu Mbaise, Local Government Area of Imo State.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among adult residents of Ahiazu Mbaise LGA. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and blood pressure measurements. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, obesity, and diabetes status was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors.

Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension among respondents was 65%, with a slightly higher prevalence among males (66.7%) compared to females (64.3%). Hypertension increased markedly with age, peaking at 73.4% among those aged 51–60 years. Obesity was strongly associated with hypertension, as 79.5% of obese respondents were hypertensive compared with 58.2% of non-obese respondents. Physical inactivity also showed a strong relationship, with 81.1% of inactive individuals being hypertensive compared with 52.8% among those who were physically active. High proportions of hypertension were also observed among respondents with unhealthy dietary practices, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use.

Conclusion: Hypertension is highly prevalent among adults in Ahiazu Mbaise, LGA, with several modifiable lifestyle factors contributing to its occurrence. The findings highlight the need for community-based health education, routine screening, and interventions promoting healthy diets, regular physical activity, weight management, and reduced alcohol and tobacco use.},
      keywords = {Hypertension, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Adults, Obesity, Physical Inactivity, Diet, Alcohol, Tobacco.},
      month = {February},
  }