Potentials of Using Allium cepa (Onion) Leaves Extracts as Antibacterial Agent: A Strategy of Converting Agricultural Waste to Wealth
Abstract
This research investigated the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Allium cepa (onion) leaves extracts as a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents. Several analyses were conducted, beginning with qualitative phytochemical screening, followed by antibacterial evaluation using some selected bacterial strains. Standard antibiotic (ceftriaxone) served as a control. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and cardiac glycosides with some amount of carbohydrates and proteins, while anthraquinones were absent. Antibacterial assays showed concentration-dependent inhibition zones, with maximum activity at 100 mg/mL: Staphylococcus aureus (3.04 mm), Escherichia coli (2.68 mm), and Bacillus subtilis (2.35 mm), while Shigella showed no inhibition. By contrast, ceftriaxone (50 mg/mL) produced higher zones ranging from 3.28 – 4.85 mm across all organisms. The MIC and MBC values confirmed inhibitory and bactericidal effects at 75 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, 50 mg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, and 25 mg/mL for Shigella.
Keywords
Phytochemicals, Antibacteria, Onion, Allium cepa, Shigella, Bacteria
Citations
IRE Journals:
Ibrahim Muhammad, Khalid Ismail "Potentials of Using Allium cepa (Onion) Leaves Extracts as Antibacterial Agent: A Strategy of Converting Agricultural Waste to Wealth" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 9 2026 Page 532-538 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I9-1714905
IEEE:
Ibrahim Muhammad, Khalid Ismail
"Potentials of Using Allium cepa (Onion) Leaves Extracts as Antibacterial Agent: A Strategy of Converting Agricultural Waste to Wealth" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(9) https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I9-1714905
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