Potentials of Using Allium cepa (Onion) Leaves Extracts as Antibacterial Agent: A Strategy of Converting Agricultural Waste to Wealth

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[24] Elattar, A., Gendy, A., & Mahmoud, S. (2024). Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical insights into bioactive constituents of onion (Allium cepa L.) waste: Comparative metabolomics and chemometric profiling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 317, 116927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2024.116927

[25] Chakraborty, A., Roy, S., &Bhattacharjee, C. (2022). Allium cepa: A treasure of bioactive phytochemicals with therapeutic potential. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 669805. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.669805

[26] Barbu, I. A., Ciorîță, A., Carpa, R., et al. (2023). Phytochemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of several Allium extracts. Molecules, 28(10), 3980. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28103980

[27] Lee, H., Kim, J., & Park, Y. (2019). Comparative antibacterial activity of Allium species extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 126(2), 489–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14321

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[29] Teshome, A., &Dejen, K. (2021). Application of onion (Allium cepa) extracts as natural preservatives in food systems. Food Research International, 147, 110547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110547

[30] Sharma, P., Gupta, S., & Kaur, R. (2025). Phytochemical profiling of onion (Allium cepa L.) leaves using HPLC and GC–MS: Implications for antimicrobial research. Scientific Reports, 15, 22104. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-22104

@article{1714905,
      author = {Ibrahim Muhammad, Khalid Ismail},
      title = {Potentials of Using Allium cepa (Onion) Leaves Extracts as Antibacterial Agent: A Strategy of Converting Agricultural Waste to Wealth},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {9},
      pages = {532-538},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1714905.pdf},
      abstract = {This research investigated the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Allium cepa (onion) leaves extracts as a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents. Several analyses were conducted, beginning with qualitative phytochemical screening, followed by antibacterial evaluation using some selected bacterial strains. Standard antibiotic (ceftriaxone) served as a control. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and cardiac glycosides with some amount of carbohydrates and proteins, while anthraquinones were absent. Antibacterial assays showed concentration-dependent inhibition zones, with maximum activity at 100 mg/mL: Staphylococcus aureus (3.04 mm), Escherichia coli (2.68 mm), and Bacillus subtilis (2.35 mm), while Shigella showed no inhibition. By contrast, ceftriaxone (50 mg/mL) produced higher zones ranging from 3.28 – 4.85 mm across all organisms. The MIC and MBC values confirmed inhibitory and bactericidal effects at 75 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, 50 mg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, and 25 mg/mL for Shigella.},
      keywords = {Phytochemicals, Antibacteria, Onion, Allium cepa, Shigella, Bacteria},
      month = {March},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I9-1714905}
  }