Blockchain-Based Product Authentication and Supply Chain Traceability Using QR Code

References

[1] Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, 2008. Foundation paper explaining blockchain, hashing, and chained blocks used in your private blockchain simulation.

[2] Melanie Swan, Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy, O’Reilly Media, 2015. Explains private and public blockchain concepts, supply chain use cases, and data immutability.

[3] IBM Corporation, Blockchain for Supply Chain Traceability, IBM White Paper, 2019.Real-world reference for product tracking across Manufacturer → Distributor → Retailer workflows.

[4] M. Crosby, P. Pattanayak, S. Verma, and V. Kalyanaraman,“Blockchain Technology: Beyond Bitcoin,” Applied Innovation Review, no. 2, 2016.

[5] Hyperledger Foundation, Blockchain in Supply Chain Management, Linux Foundation, 2020.Industry reference supporting decentralized traceability models similar to your workflow.

[6] Spring Boot Documentation, Spring Boot Reference Guide, Backend framework reference used for business logic and blockchain simulation.

[7] Oracle Corporation, MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual, Oracle Docs .Database reference for storing users, products, and blockchain records.

[8] Google ZXing Team, ZXing: Multi-format 1D/2D Barcode Image Processing Library,QR code generation and scanning reference matching your QR Code System module.

[9] W3C, Web-Based QR Code Scanning Using HTML5 Camera APIs,Reference for QR scanning through web cameras used in customer verification.

[10] IEEE,“A Survey on Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, 2020.Academic reference validating blockchain-based product authentication and traceability.

[11] K. Toyoda, P. T. Mathiopoulos, I. Sasase, and T. Ohtsuki,“A Novel Blockchain-Based Product Ownership Management System,” IEEE Access, 2017. Supports ownership transfer and authenticity verification similar to your product lifecycle.

[12] Thymeleaf Documentation,Thymeleaf – Modern Server-Side Java Template Engine.

[13] Ethereum Foundation, “Ethereum White Paper,” 2014. Reference for smart contracts used in decentralized product authentication systems.

[14] M. Christidis and M. Devetsikiotis, “Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 2292–2303, 2016. Supports automated verification and event recording in supply chains.

[15] GS1 Organization,“GS1 Standards and Blockchain for Supply Chain Traceability,” GS1 White Paper, 2018. Industry standard reference for QR codes and product identification.

[16] S. Saberi, M. Kouhizadeh, J. Sarkis, and L. Shen, “Blockchain Technology and Its Relationships to

[17] Sustainable Supply Chain Management,” International Journal of Production Research, vol.57, no. 7, pp. 2117–2135, 2019. Explains how blockchain improves transparency and trust in supply chains.

[18] Y. Tian, “An Agri-Food Supply Chain Traceability System for China Based on RFID & Blockchain Technology,” 13th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM), IEEE, 2016. Early work combining blockchain with tracking technologies for traceability.

[19] F. Casino, T. K. Dasaklis, and C. Patsakis, “A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain- Based Applications,” Telematics and Informatics, vol. 36, pp. 55–81, 2019.

[20] A. Reyna, C. Martín, J. Chen, E. Soler, and M. Díaz, “On Blockchain and Its Integration with IoT: Challenges and Opportunities,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 88, pp. 173–190, 2018. Relevant for QR-code and IoT-enabled product verification systems.

[21] K. Francisco and D. Swanson, “The Supply Chain Has No Clothes: Technology Adoption of Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency,” Logistics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2018.

[22] J. Kshetri,“Blockchain’s Roles in Meeting Key Supply-Chain,”International Journal of Information Management, vol. 39, pp. 80–89, 2018. Highlights blockchain’s role in traceability, auditability, and fraud prevention.

@article{1715777,
      author = {Rangini M, Vinodhini S, Sameeha Faridha S, Dhushitha M},
      title = {Blockchain-Based Product Authentication and Supply Chain Traceability Using QR Code},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {9},
      pages = {3316-3322},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1715777.pdf},
      abstract = {Counterfeit products are popping up in the supply chain faster than ever, putting both consumer safety and brand reputations on the line. Traditional verification systems just aren’t cutting it—they’re slow, need outside help, and you can’t really see what’s going on behind the scenes. That’s why this project focuses on building a blockchain-based system for product authentication and supply chain traceability, all powered by QR codes. Here’s how it works: we use a private blockchain to lock in the data so everything’s transparent, secure, and can’t be changed after the fact. Every product gets its own QR code, which links directly to its details on the blockchain. We store info like the product name, batch number, and when it was made. As products move through the supply chain, distributors and retailers add more details by creating new blocks, each one tied securely to the last using SHA-256 hashing. This way, you get a complete, tamper-proof history from manufacturer to distributor to retailer. The whole system runs on Java and Spring Boot, with MySQL for the backend and local QR code generation. In the end, this setup helps spot counterfeit goods and keeps the entire supply chain open and honest for everyone involved.},
      month = {March},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I9-1715777}
  }