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A Comprehensive Study of Blockchain-Based E-Voting Systems: Architecture, Security, and Challenges
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Blockchain and Decentralization
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1715963
Abstract
Electronic voting (e-voting) systems aim to modernize electoral processes by making them more efficient, accessible, and reliable. However, traditional methods face challenges like lack of transparency, vulnerability to tampering, and dependence on centralized authorities. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution by providing a decentralized, unchangeable, and transparent way to securely record and verify votes. This paper surveys blockchain-based e-voting systems by reviewing ten research studies. It focuses on their methods, including system designs, consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance, and cryptographic techniques such as digital signatures and ring signatures. The study emphasizes the benefits of blockchain, including improved security, auditability, and trust. It also points out major challenges like scalability, privacy concerns, voter authentication, and regulatory issues. The findings show that while blockchain has great potential to change e-voting systems, more research is needed to create scalable, privacy-protecting, and practical solutions for real-world use.
Keywords
Blockchain, Electronic voting, Security, Smart contracts, Transparency
How to cite this paper
@article{1715963,
author = {Sanju S, Rachana H, V Navitha},
title = {A Comprehensive Study of Blockchain-Based E-Voting Systems: Architecture, Security, and Challenges},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {9},
number = {10},
pages = {341-346},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1715963.pdf},
abstract = {Electronic voting (e-voting) systems aim to modernize electoral processes by making them more efficient, accessible, and reliable. However, traditional methods face challenges like lack of transparency, vulnerability to tampering, and dependence on centralized authorities. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution by providing a decentralized, unchangeable, and transparent way to securely record and verify votes. This paper surveys blockchain-based e-voting systems by reviewing ten research studies. It focuses on their methods, including system designs, consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance, and cryptographic techniques such as digital signatures and ring signatures. The study emphasizes the benefits of blockchain, including improved security, auditability, and trust. It also points out major challenges like scalability, privacy concerns, voter authentication, and regulatory issues. The findings show that while blockchain has great potential to change e-voting systems, more research is needed to create scalable, privacy-protecting, and practical solutions for real-world use.},
keywords = {Blockchain, Electronic voting, Security, Smart contracts, Transparency},
month = {April},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1715963}
}