Full State Feedback Control with Observer for Multi Variable Temperature Regulation in Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems

• Author(s): Onunwor, Kelechi O.; Muoghalu, C. N.; Atuchukwu, A. J.; Nnaemeka C. Asiegbu
• Paper ID: 1716088
• Page: 4996-5004
• Published Date: 17-06-2026
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 9 Issue 10 April-2026
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716088

Abstract

Achieving tight and reliable temperature regulation across all functional components of a vapour-compression refrigeration system remains a persistent challenge, primarily because classical control strategies struggle to account for the multi-dimensional, nonlinear, and coupled thermal dynamics inherent to such systems. This paper presents the design, analysis, and simulation-based validation of a full state feedback controller augmented with an observer for multi-variable temperature control of a single-stage vapour-compression refrigeration system. The plant model, derived by applying energy conservation principles to each of the four major components — evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve — is cast in state-space form, and its controllability and observability are analytically confirmed. A pole placement approach is employed to compute the state feedback gain matrix K, a forward path gain Kf is subsequently introduced to enforce zero steady-state tracking, and a Luenberger observer is designed to estimate unmeasured system states, thereby reducing reliance on physical sensors. MATLAB/Simulink simulations are conducted across five progressive design stages, and transient response metrics — rise time, settling time, peak overshoot, and steady-state error — are extracted and benchmarked. The proposed full state feedback controller with forward gain and observer achieves rise times of approximately 1.1 s for the evaporator and compressor and 0.732 s for the condenser and expansion valve, with settling times below 2.0 s, zero peak overshoot, and zero steady-state error. Practical validation with realistic operating temperatures confirms the controller's capacity to track and maintain desired temperatures for efficient cooling.

Keywords

Vapour-Compression Refrigeration, Full State Feedback, Pole Placement, Luenberger Observer, Temperature Control.

Citations

IRE Journals:
Onunwor, Kelechi O., Muoghalu, C. N., Atuchukwu, A. J., Nnaemeka C. Asiegbu "Full State Feedback Control with Observer for Multi Variable Temperature Regulation in Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 10 2026 Page 4996-5004 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716088

IEEE:
Onunwor, Kelechi O., Muoghalu, C. N., Atuchukwu, A. J., Nnaemeka C. Asiegbu "Full State Feedback Control with Observer for Multi Variable Temperature Regulation in Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 9, no. 10, Apr. 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716088

APA:
Onunwor, Kelechi O., Muoghalu, C. N., Atuchukwu, A. J., Nnaemeka C. Asiegbu (2026). Full State Feedback Control with Observer for Multi Variable Temperature Regulation in Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(10). doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716088

MLA:
Onunwor, Kelechi O., Muoghalu, C. N., Atuchukwu, A. J., Nnaemeka C. Asiegbu "Full State Feedback Control with Observer for Multi Variable Temperature Regulation in Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 9, no. 10, Apr. 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716088

BibTeX

@article{1716088,
author = {Onunwor, Kelechi O., Muoghalu, C. N., Atuchukwu, A. J., Nnaemeka C. Asiegbu},
title = {Full State Feedback Control with Observer for Multi Variable Temperature Regulation in Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {9},
number = {10},
pages = {4996-5004},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1716088.pdf},
abstract = {Achieving tight and reliable temperature regulation across all functional components of a vapour-compression refrigeration system remains a persistent challenge, primarily because classical control strategies struggle to account for the multi-dimensional, nonlinear, and coupled thermal dynamics inherent to such systems. This paper presents the design, analysis, and simulation-based validation of a full state feedback controller augmented with an observer for multi-variable temperature control of a single-stage vapour-compression refrigeration system. The plant model, derived by applying energy conservation principles to each of the four major components — evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve — is cast in state-space form, and its controllability and observability are analytically confirmed. A pole placement approach is employed to compute the state feedback gain matrix K, a forward path gain Kf is subsequently introduced to enforce zero steady-state tracking, and a Luenberger observer is designed to estimate unmeasured system states, thereby reducing reliance on physical sensors. MATLAB/Simulink simulations are conducted across five progressive design stages, and transient response metrics — rise time, settling time, peak overshoot, and steady-state error — are extracted and benchmarked. The proposed full state feedback controller with forward gain and observer achieves rise times of approximately 1.1 s for the evaporator and compressor and 0.732 s for the condenser and expansion valve, with settling times below 2.0 s, zero peak overshoot, and zero steady-state error. Practical validation with realistic operating temperatures confirms the controller's capacity to track and maintain desired temperatures for efficient cooling.},
keywords = {Vapour-Compression Refrigeration, Full State Feedback, Pole Placement, Luenberger Observer, Temperature Control.},
month = {April}
}