Toxicological Effects of Crude Saponin Extracted from the Leaves of Azadirachta indica on the Tissues of Albino Rats

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@article{1717136,
      author = {Ogunyebi Olukemi Omolade},
      title = {Toxicological Effects of Crude Saponin Extracted from the Leaves of Azadirachta indica on the Tissues of Albino Rats},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {10},
      pages = {4213-4221},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1717136.pdf},
      abstract = {Background: Azadirachta indica A.Juss (Neem), belonging to the Meliaceae family, is renowned for its versatility and medicinal properties widely used in Nigeria, India, and globally. It is considered that Azadirachta indica shows therapeutic role due to the rich source of antioxidant and other bioactive compounds. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety and toxicity of the effects of crude saponin extract from the leaves of Azadirachta indica on albino rat. The effect of methanolic crude saponin extract from Azadirachta indica (CSEAI) leaves on tissues of albino rats was evaluated by measuring the tissues and serum biochemical parameters. 
Methods: Twenty-five adult’s albino rats were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups; Group 2-5 were orally administered with 200-500mg/kg of the crude saponin extract respectively for 21 days while group 1 was the control. Serum and tissues (liver, heart, and kidney) biochemical profile were estimated using standard methods after day 21.
Results: Results indicated no significant alterations in body or organ weights. Tissue enzymic activities of Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Creatinine Kinase (CK) increased significantly (p<0.05), with a concomitant decrease in their serum levels. Conversely, tissue activities of Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Acid Phosphatase (ACP), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) showed no significant variation. Serum levels of Blood Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine remained unchanged. The 500mg/kg dose elicited the most pronounced tissue enzyme elevation with corresponding serum reduction.
Conclusion: Conclusively, this study may suggest that CSEAI on rat is presumably safe. However, further researches are required to validate these findings.},
      keywords = {Crude saponin, Azadirachta indica, Tissues, Methanolic Extract, Medicinal plant.},
      month = {April},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1717136}
  }