Simulation-Based Analysis of Three Phase Symmetrical Fault Using Double Ended Impedance Method a Case Study for Otukpo 132kv Transmission Line

References

[1] Dejene, D., Eskedar, D., Mekuanint, Y., Mengistu, S., & Shegaw, A. (2018). Fault detection of transmission line by using single and double end method (Bachelor’s thesis). Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia.

[2] Eze, P., Okeke, C., & Nwankwo, S. (2025). Application of synchronized phasor measurements for transmission line fault location. IEEE Access, 13, 45678–45690.

[3] Ganiyu A. A and Segun O. S. (2016) An Overview of Impedance-Based Fault Location Techniques in Electrical Power Transmission Network International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Applications (IJA-ERA), 2(3),123-130. www.ijaera.org

[4] Gopakumar, P., Santoso, S., & Brahma, S. M. (2015). “Phasor Measurement Unit-Based Fault Location in Transmission Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 30(2), 902– 910. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2358697

[5] Glover, J. D., Sarma, M. S., & Overbye, T. J. (2017). Power System Analysis and Design (6th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1305632134

[6] Izykowski. J., Molag R., Rosolowski E, and Saha M. (2006) “Accurate Location of Faults on Power Transmission Lines with Use of Two-End Unsynchronized Measurements”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21(2), 627–634. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2005.860274

[7] IEEE Power & Energy Society (2018). IEEE Guide for Determining Fault Location on AC Transmission Lines.

[8] Kumar, R., & Singh, P. (2023). Analysis of symmetrical faults in transmission networks using simulation tools. Journal of Power Engineering, 37(2), 112–120.

[9] Kundur, P. (1994). Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill Education.

[10] Li, X., & Chen, Y. (2024). Accurate fault location in transmission lines using double-ended impedance method. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 39(1), 215–224.

[11] MathWorks (2024). Simscape Electrical / Simulink Power Systems Toolbox https://www.mathworks.com/help/physmod/sps/

[12] Patel, S., Mehta, R., & Joshi, K. (2024). Modeling and simulation of three-phase faults in power systems. International Journal of Engineering Research, 19(3), 145–152.

[13] Phadke, A. G., & Thorp, J. S. (2017). Synchronized Phasor Measurements and Their Applications.Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51160-9

[14] Sushma Ghimire “Analysis of Fault location methods on transmission lines” B.S. Tribhuvan University, May, 2014

[15] Steve Turner (2012) “End-to-end testing of double-ended fault locators for high voltage, overhead

[16] transmission lines”. Beckwith Electric Company, Inc., published in NETA World Journal (Winter Issue).

[17] Swain, R. K., & Cherukuri, S. (2021). Modeling and simulation of power system faults using MATLAB/Simulink. (Typically published in IEEE Access / Springer / Elsevier engineering simulation journals)

[18] Sharma, V., Gupta, A., & Verma, S. (2024). Comparative analysis of single-ended and double-ended fault location techniques. Electrical Engineering Journal, 106(4), 567–579.

@article{1717375,
      author = {Anierobi Patrick Ogechukwu},
      title = {Simulation-Based Analysis of Three Phase Symmetrical Fault Using Double Ended Impedance Method a Case Study for Otukpo 132kv Transmission Line},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {11},
      pages = {817-823},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1717375.pdf},
      abstract = {This study conducts a simulation-based analysis of three-phase (ABC) symmetrical fault location on a 132 kV transmission line using a double-ended impedance-based approach implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The method is derived from Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and uses synchronized voltage and current measurements from both the sending and receiving ends to remove the dependency on fault-point voltage and directly estimate the fault distance based on apparent impedance. A 160 km distributed-parameter transmission line model, with realistic line and system parameters, is developed in SimPowerSystems to simulate both steady-state and transient fault conditions. Three-phase fault scenarios are tested at various locations (from 10 km to 120 km) with different fault resistances (5 Ω to 100 Ω) and fault inception times to assess the accuracy and robustness of the estimation. The results show that the proposed method gives highly accurate fault location estimates, with percentage errors typically below 1% in all test cases. The approach is resistant to changes in fault resistance and fault inception time, and maintains reliable performance across various fault distances. The study confirms that the double-ended impedance-based technique offers an effective, accurate, and computationally efficient solution for fault location and protection in high-voltage power systems.},
      keywords = {132 kV transmission line, Three-phase symmetrical fault, Impedance-based method; MATLAB/Simulink and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law.},
      month = {May},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I11-1717375}
  }