Current Volume 9
Assessing Landscape Design Deficiencies and Their Effects on Crowd Management, Spatial Navigation, And Emergency Evacuation at Caleb University on, Lagos
Abstract
University campuses require well-planned landscape environments to ensure safety, functionality, and user comfort. However, deficiencies in landscape design such as poor pathway organization, inadequate signage, improper vegetation placement, and limited open space coordination can negatively affect movement patterns and safety performance. This study assesses landscape design deficiencies at Caleb University, Imota, Lagos, and examines their effect on crowd control, spatial navigation, and emergency evacuation efficiency. The research evaluates how existing outdoor spatial arrangements influence pedestrian flow, wayfinding clarity, and response during peak usage and emergency situations. Using field observations, user surveys, and spatial analysis, the study identifies critical design gaps and their implications on safety and accessibility. Findings aim to propose strategic landscape improvements that enhance circulation, reduce congestion, and support effective emergency management within the university environment.
Keywords
Landscape Design, Crowd Management, Wayfinding System, Emergency Evacuation, Campus Planning
Citations
IRE Journals:
Abdulwahab Hakeem, Solarin Oladipupo Akinkoyejo, Omiwande Favour Eniayo, Olasunmbo Olajumoke Ademakinwa "Assessing Landscape Design Deficiencies and Their Effects on Crowd Management, Spatial Navigation, And Emergency Evacuation at Caleb University on, Lagos" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 11 2026 Page 1965-1971 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I11-1717779
IEEE:
Abdulwahab Hakeem, Solarin Oladipupo Akinkoyejo, Omiwande Favour Eniayo, Olasunmbo Olajumoke Ademakinwa
"Assessing Landscape Design Deficiencies and Their Effects on Crowd Management, Spatial Navigation, And Emergency Evacuation at Caleb University on, Lagos" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(11) https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I11-1717779
About IRE Journals
IRE Journals is an open access online journals established with an aim to publish high quality of research work in various diciplines. We have more than 6 years in publications. Over 2500+ papers already published.
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