Workforce Diversity, Green Human Resource Management Practices, And Corporate Sustainability Among Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs)

References

[1] Abbas, Z., Sarwar, S., Rehman, M. A., Zámečník, R. & Shoaib, M. (2020). Green HRM promotes higher education sustainability: a mediated-moderated analysis. International Journal of Management Practice 13(4), pp. 171-190. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMPPS.2020.100171

[2] Ahmad, S., Javed, U., Sharma, C., & Siddiqui, M.S. (2025). Green human resource management: Analyzing sustainable practices and organizational impact through a Word2Vec approach. Green Technologies and Sustainability.

[3] Ahmed, T., Yousaf, A., Clavijo, R. C. & Sanders, K. (2024). Entrepreneurial Pathways to Sustainability: A Theoretical Paper on Green Human Resource Management, Green Supply Chain Management, and Entrepreneurial Orientation. Sustainability 16(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156357

[4] Akdeniz, E. (2023). Toward a Sustainable Human Resources Management: Linking Green Human Resources Management Activities with ISO Standards. SAGE Open 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231192907

[5] AlMallahi MN, Obaideen K, Kabeer S, and Elgendi M (2026) Contributions of higher education institutions to the sustainable development goals: a case study. Front. Educ. 11:1768088. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2026.1768088

[6] AlNaqbi, E. J., Mohd-Shamsudin, F. & Alshurideh, M. T. (2024). Green HRM practices, green commitment, and green innovative work behavior in UAE higher education institutes. Uncertain Supply Chain Management 12(2). https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.1.013

[7] Ambong, R. M. & Estrellado, J. E. (2024). Sustainable Human Resource Practices and Framework in the Selected Philippine State Universities and Colleges (SUCs): A Case Study. Diversitas Journal 9. https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v9iSpecial1.2868

[8] Ashikali, T., Groeneveld, S. & Kuipers, B. (2020). The Role of Inclusive Leadership in Supporting an Inclusive Climate in Diverse Public Sector Teams. Review of Public Personnel Administration 41(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X19899722

[9] Atento, R. G. (2025). Exploring E-Learning for Sustainable Development: Integrating SDGs in Management Education at Philippine Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Health & Business Analytics. https://doi.org/10.65166/2qcjx561

[10] Aung, P. N., & Hallinger, P. (2026). Triple Bottom Line in Universities: Outcomes and Factors Driving Sustainability. Education Sciences, 16(3), 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16030400

[11] Ayari, A. & Meer, S. A. (2025). Empirical evidence on green human resource management and organizational performance in the Bahraini retail sector. Discover Sustainability 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01892-5

[12] B., P. (2023). Green Human Resource Management: An Overview of Environmentally Conscious Human Resource Governance. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36535.23204

[13] Bangwal D, Chaudhary A, Kumar R, Oberoi SS, Kumar V. (2025). Green HRM, employee pro-environmental behavior, and environmental commitment. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2025 Aug;258:105153. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105153 . Epub 2025 Jun 13. PMID: 40516482.

[14] Bauer, M., Rieckmann, M., Niedlich, S. & Bormann, I. (2021). Sustainability Governance at Higher Education Institutions: Equipped to Transform? Frontiers in Sustainability 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2021.640458

[15] Bayudan-Dacuycuy, C., Flores, H. & Uy, A. O. (2024). Financial Sustainability of Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities. PIDS Discussion Paper Series No. 2024-24. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.24

[16] Benevene, P., & Buonomo, I. (2020). Green Human Resource Management: An Evidence-Based Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 12(15), 5974. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155974

[17] Biancardi, A., Colasante, A., D’Adamo, I., Daraio, C., Gastaldi, M. & Uricchio, A. F. (2023). Strategies for developing sustainable communities in higher education institutions. Scientific Reports 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48021-8

[18] Bindeeba, D. S., Tukamushaba, E. K. & Bakashaba, R. (2025). Green human resources management and green innovation: a meta-analytic review of strategic human resources levers for environmental sustainability. Discover Sustainability 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01444-x

[19] Burca, V., Bogdan, O., Bunget, O. & Dumitrescu, A. (2024). Corporate Financial Performance vs. Corporate Sustainability Performance, between Earnings Management and Process Improvement. Sustainability 16(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177744

[20] Cai, X., Xiang, H., Neskorоdieva, I. & Durmanov, A. (2024). Interrelation between human capital management and ESG engagement: evidence from S&P 500 firms. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04189-6

[21] Carale, R. T., Bilonoac, L. S., Silorio, C. O., Panday, B. M., Ladesma, R. A. & Lindo, S. M. (2025). Promoting Sustainable Environmental Practices: An Integrated Approach of Selected Public Secondary and Tertiary Schools in Negros Oriental. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science IX(IIIS):5340-5353. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.903SEDU0387

[22] Chapman, G., Nasirov, S., Hughes, M. & Hughes, P. (2025). Workforce age diversity and the intensity of inventive activities in universities. The Journal of Technology Transfer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-025-10250-6

[23] Chen, S., Jiang, W., Li, X. & Gao, H. (2021). Effect of Employees’ Perceived Green HRM on Their Workplace Green Behaviors in Oil and Mining Industries: Based on Cognitive-Affective System Theory. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084056

[24] Chowdhury, S. R., Mendy, J., & Rahman, M. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review of GHRM: Organizational Sustainable Performance Reimagined Using a New Holistic Framework. Sustainability, 15(9), 7513. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097513

[25] Clauss, C. B., Frutos-Belizón, J. d. & García-Carbonell, N. (2025). Employee perceptions of HRM practices and beyond: A bibliometric analysis of theoretical perspectives and research foci. Journal of Management & Organization. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2025.35

[26] Dey, M., Bhattacharjee, S., Mahmood, M., Uddin, M., Biswas, S. (2022). Ethical leadership for better sustainable performance: Role of employee values, behavior and ethical climate. Journal of Cleaner Production 337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130527

[27] Djukic-Min, D., Norcross, J. & Searing, E. (2025). The Effect of Shared and Inclusive Governance on Environmental Sustainability at U.S. Universities. Sustainability 17(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146630

[28] Dutta, Deblina & Moganti, Lakshmi Kanth & Kundu, Debajyoti, 2026. "Integrating sustainable development goals in higher education: A review and framework," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).

[29] Dutta, Moganti, and Kundu (2026) In the International Journal of Educational Development provide a comprehensive review and framework for embedding UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into higher education.

[30] EBSCO (2024). Cronbach's Alpha Explained: How to Measure Scale Reliability. EBSCO Research Starters. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/science/cronbachs-alpha

[31] ElAlfy, A., Palaschuk, N., El-Bassiouny, D., Wilson, J. & Weber, O. (2020). Scoping the Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Research in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Era. Sustainability 12(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145544

[32] Faisal, S. (2023). Green Human Resource Management—A Synthesis. Sustainability 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032259

[33] Fang, L. & Guo, X. (2025). From responsibility to value: ESG and long-term corporate value. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322018

[34] Filho, W. L., Salvia, A. L., Pretorius, R. W., Brandli, L. L., Manolas, E., Alves, F., Azeiteiro, U., Rogers, J., Shiel, C. & Paco, A. D. (2020). Universities as Living Labs for Sustainable Development: Supporting the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Springer Nature. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-15604-6

[35] Filho, W. L., Sigahi, T. F., Anholon, R., Rebelatto, B. G., Schmidt-Ross, I. & Hensel-Börner, S. (2025). Promoting sustainable development via stakeholder engagement in higher education. Environmental Sciences Europe 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01101-0

[36] Florez-Jimenez, M. P., Lleo, A., Ruiz-Palomino, P. & Muñoz-Villamizar, A. F. (2024). Corporate sustainability, organizational resilience, and corporate purpose: a review of the academic traditions connecting them. Review of Managerial Science 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-024-00735-3

[37] Freire, C., & Pieta, P. (2022). The Impact of Green Human Resource Management on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Organizational Identification and Job Satisfaction. Sustainability, 14(13), 7557. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137557

[38] Garcia, A. M. & Canoy, L. M. (2024). Exploring the Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) Practices of Public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) Towards the Development of Green Social Responsibility Program Model. Social Science and Humanities Journal 8(08), pp. 1239-1248. https://doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v8i08.1239

[39] Gliem & Gliem (2021). Calculating, Interpreting, And Reporting Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient For Likert-Type Scales. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31591315_Calculating_Interpreting_And_Reporting_Cronbach's_Alpha_Reliability_Coefficient_For_Likert-Type_Scales

[40] Gloria, J. V. (2025). Green innovation as a mediator of green transformational Leadership, green supply chain management on green perceived organizational support toward sustainable competitive advantage in sustainable firms in the Philippines. Discover Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-02063-2

[41] Goetz, N., & Wald, A. (2022). Similar but Different? The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Person-Job Fit on Individual Performance in the Continuum between Permanent and Temporary Organizations. International Journal of Project Management, 40, 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.03.001

[42] Grepon, B. G., Baran, N. T., Gumonan, K. M., Martinez, A. L. & Lacsa, M. L. (2021). Designing and Implementing e-School Systems: An Information Systems Approach to School Management of a Community College in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. arXiv:2109.00198. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2109.00198

[43] Ha, G. L., Lehrer, E. J., Wang, M., Holliday, E., Jagsi, R. & Zaorsky, N. G. (2021). Sex Differences in Academic Productivity Across Academic Ranks and Specialties in Academic Medicine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open 4(6). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.12404

[44] Haley, S., Shaffer, M. & Sloan, R. (2025). Do sustainability reports contain financially material information?. Review of Accounting Studies 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-025-09912-5

[45] Harvey, T., Morales, A. & Middlecamp, C. H. (2022). Defining Sustainability in Higher Education Institutions. Sustainability: Science 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1089/scc.2022.0011

[46] Hassan, M. M. & Ahmad, A. R. (2025). Systematic literature review on the sustainability of higher education institutions (HEIs): dimensions, practices and research gaps. Cogent Education 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2549789

[47] Hofstra, B., Kulkarni, V. V., Galvez, S. M., He, B., Jurafsky, D. & McFarland, D. A. (2020). The Diversity-Innovation Paradox in Science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117(17). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915378117

[48] Huma, Z., Meca, E. G., Martínez‐Ferrero, J. & Hussain, N. (2026). Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Environment Social Governance (ESG): A Systematic Literature Review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.70436

[49] Islam, M. S., Akther, W. & Arif, A. A. (2025). Green Human Resource Management Practices: Implementation Challenges and Way Forward. IOSR Journal of Business and Management 27(6), pp. 75-82. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2706

[50] Jiang, Z. (2024). Cross-level Effects of Diversity Climate on Employee Organizational Identification: Evidence from Law Enforcement Units. Public Performance & Management Review 47(1), pp. 56-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2023.2184401

[51] Joshi, A., Kataria, A., Rastogi, M., Beutell, N. J., Ahmad, S., & Yusliza, M. Y. (2023). Green Human Resource Management in the Context of Organizational Sustainability: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 430, Article 139713.

[52] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139713

[53] Judijanto, L. (2025). Transparency in Corporate Sustainability Reporting: Evaluating Metrics, Accountability, and Social Impact. Asian Business Research Journal 10(8), pp. 95-102. https://doi.org/10.55220/2576-6759.545

[54] Khan, K., Gogia, E.H., Shao, Z. (2024). The impact of green HRM practices on green innovative work behaviour: empirical evidence from the hospitality sector of China and Pakistan. BMC Psychology 13, 96 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02417-5

[55] Khawaja, A. & Janjua, K. N. (2025). The impact of green human resource management practices on organisational sustainability through green knowledge sharing. SA Journal of Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v23i0.2702

[56] Kioupi, V., Michel-Villarreal, R., Giannopoulos, G., Nzuve, F. & Abe, N. (2025). Policies and practices for sustainability transformation in higher education institutions. Frontiers in Environmental Science 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1634148

[57] Kramar, R. & Jepsen, D. M. (2023). The Diversity Context of Human Resource Management. https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/34278/chapter/290627491

[58] Lawter, L., & Garnjost, P. (2025). Green Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 17(7), 3132. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073132

[59] Lee, C. & Sanyang, A. (2025). Stakeholder engagement in higher education: Loyalty as a moderating factor of ethos alignment on institutional reputation – A systematic literature review. Multidisciplinary Reviews 94. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2026174

[60] Leyva, C. D. & Cascón-Pereira, R. (2025). Diversity and Social Sustainability: A Systematic Review and Integrative Framework for Advancing Socially Sustainable Diversity Management. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 33(2), pp. 2949-2970. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.70321

[61] Li, X., Li, Y., Li, G. & Xu, J. (2025). Sustainable supply chain management practices and performance: The moderating effect of stakeholder pressure. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04676-4

[62] Lim, W. M. (2025). What Is Quantitative Research? An Overview and Guidelines. SAGE Open 15(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264622

[63] Lin, S. & Chen, K. (2025). ESG Strategies in Educational Quality Management: An Empirical Study on Fostering Student Loyalty and Sustainability. Sustainability 17(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083723

[64] M, R., & G., P. (2025). A structural analysis of green human resource management, innovation, and cultural factors in progressing university sustainability. Sustainable Futures 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101524

[65] Maduforo, A. N., Salvador, E. E., Yan, S., Davis, J. & Jacobsen, M. (2026). Global perspectives on leadership and change in higher education: A scoping review of empirical studies. Leadership and Policy in Schools 25(3), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/17454999261444818

[66] Maheshwari, S., Kaur, A. & Renwick, D. W. (2024). Green Human Resource Management and Green Culture: An Integrative Sustainable Competing Values Framework and Future Research Directions. SAGE Open 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/10860266231217280

[67] Manik, J. L. & Yusnaini, Y. (2026). The Impact of Sustainability Accounting on Corporate Value and Stakeholder Trust. Musytari : Jurnal Manajemen. https://doi.org/10.2324/j3js4570

[68] Mate, J. (2026). Corporate Sustainability Practices and Competitive Advantage: Evidence from Emerging Markets. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3520190

[69] McCaslin, H., Pearce, T., Martinson, S., Nelson-Olivieri, J., Antunez, E., Verahrami, A. & Bombaci, S. (2026). Many DEI initiatives are viewed as generally effective by students and educators. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-06524-5

[70] McCombes, S. (2023). Descriptive Research | Definition, Types, Methods & Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/

[71] Mitra, D., Golder, P. N. & Topchy, M. (2026). Racial diversity in higher education is associated with higher student salaries. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10425-7

[72] Mochnacs, A., Pirciog, S., Sigurjonsson, T. O. & Grigorescu, A. (2024). A conceptual review of the higher education system based on open innovation (OI) perspectives. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02909-6

[73] Moses Segbenya, Evans Appiah Kissi, John Oti Amoah (2024). Green human resource management and environmental sustainability in a developing economy: Examining the mediation and moderation effect of employee personal norms and sex. Social Science & Humanities Open 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101016

[74] Mwangi, T. (2026). Flexible Employment Contracts Influencing Job Security Perceptions Across Rapidly Evolving Labor Market Environments. International Journal of Industrial Relations, pp. 1-9. https://iaeme.com/Home/article_id/IJINR_04_01_001

[75] Mwita, K. (2024). The Role Green Human Resource Management Practices on Environmental Performance: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organisational Support toward the Environment. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4976280

[76] Nayak, R. L. (2025). Sustainability Practices and Corporate Performance: A Longitudinal Study of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Metrics. Economic Sciences 12(3), pp. 45-67. https://doi.org/10.69889/ftyjj285

[77] Nguyen, K. T., Nguyen, P. N., Tran, C. Q. & Do, T. T. (2024). Green Human Resource Management and Employee Pro-Environmental Behaviors: The Role of Individual Green Value. Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of Science - Economics and Business Administration 14(2), pp. 45-63. https://doi.org/10.46223/HCMCOUJS.econ.en.14.2.3129.2024

[78] Nogueira, E., Gomes, S. & Lopes, J. M. (2024). Financial Sustainability: Exploring the Influence of the Triple Bottom Line Economic Dimension on Firm Performance. Sustainability 16(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156458

[79] Ogbolu, G., Hague, S., Adelaja, A., Ohanagorom, M., Amala, M., & Adedeji, O. (2026). Sustainability in Higher Education: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework of Institutional Maturity (SHE-IMM). Trends in Higher Education, 5(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu5010026

[80] Ojo, A. O., Tan, C. N. & Alias, M. (2021). Linking green HRM practices to environmental performance through pro-environment behaviour in the information technology sector. Social Responsibility Journal 18(1), pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-12-2019-040

[81] Ortega, E., Coelho, A., & Ribeiro, N.M. (2025). Green Human Resource Management and ISO 14001: Toward Environmental Sustainability in Organizations. Human Resource Development Quarterly.

[82] Osano, H. S., Yuesti, A. & Alve, J. A. (2026). Strategic Integration of Corporate Social Responsibility into Governance and Business Models of Philippine Private Higher Education Institutions. EMAS 7(4). https://doi.org/10.36733/emas.v7i4.14007

[83] Paille, P., Valeau, P., Renwick (2020). Leveraging green human resource practices to achieve environmental sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 260: 121137. ISSN 0959-6526

[84] Palupiningtyas, D. & Wahono, S. M. (2023). Green Human Resource Management: A Comprehensive Analysis of Practices, Impacts, and Future Directions. International Conference On Digital Advanced Tourism Management And Technology. https://doi.org/10.56910/ictmt.v1i1.6

[85] Pan, B., Xiang, J., & Qin, C. (2025). Green human resource management practices and pro-environmental behaviors in high-tech firms: The roles of greenwashing perceptions and motivation types. Journal of Cleaner Production.

[86] Paula Goncalves Serafini, Jessica Morais de Moura and Mariana Rodrigues de Almeida (2022). Sustainable Development Goals in Higher Education Institutions: A systematic literature review. J Clean Prod. 2022. Vol. 370:133473. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133473

[87] Peng, M.YP., Zhang, L., Lee, MH. (2023). The relationship between strategic human resource management, green innovation and environmental performance: a moderated-mediation model. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 11, 239 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02754-7

[88] PhD, S. M. (2024). Reliability vs Validity in Research. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/reliability-or-validity.html

[89] Qureshi, T. M., Sindhu, M. & Singh, S. (2023). Transformational leadership, organisational rich culture, and sustainability: a mediating role of an inclusive environment. International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development 13, pp. 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKBD.2023.130189

[90] Ramanauskaitė, J., Staniškienė, E., Daunorienė, A. & Stankevičiūtė, Ž. (2026). Mapping and advancing employee resilience research: a bibliometric analysis. Management & Marketing 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44491-026-00001-0

[91] Ramasamy, I., Natarajan, S. & Mittal, A. (2025). Impact of Workforce Diversity on Employee Retention and Engagement: Mediating Role of Organizational Climate. SAGE Open 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251383043

[92] Resch, K. (2023). Student voice in higher education diversity policies: A systematic review. Frontiers in Education 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1039578

[93] Sanchez, R. G., Flórez-Parra, J. M., López-Pérez, M. V. & López-Hernández, A. M. (2020). Corporate Governance and Disclosure of Information on Corporate Social Responsibility: An Analysis of the Top 200 Universities in the Shanghai Ranking. Sustainability 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041549

[94] Shaikh, F., Afshan, G., & Channa, K.A. (2024). Organizational commitment to sustainability: considering the role of leadership, green HRM and green knowledge sharing. Journal of Organizational Change Management 37(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/jocm-09-2022-0282

[95] She, J., Sun, M. & Yan, H. (2026). Achieving Sustainable Development Through Structural Tools: Institutional Configurations and Pathways. Sustainability 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18041736

[96] Shoaib, M., Zamenik, R., Abbas, Z. & Nawal, A. (2022). Promoting Environmental Performance through Green HRM: Mediating Role of Employee Green Involvement. Academy of Strategic Management Journal 21(4), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3700190

[97] Singh, R. K., Dahiya, R. & Malik, P. (2025). From Green HRM to Environmental Performance: An AMO-Based Behavioral Framework for the Pharmaceutical Industry. Journal of Informatics Education and Research 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1234/jier.2025.3978

[98] Smirti. (2023). Workforce Diversity – Meaning, Characteristics, Benefits, Challenges, Methods and Examples | Human Resource Management(HRM). Management Note. https://www.managementnote.com/workforce-diversity/

[99] Soekotjo, S., Sosidah, Kuswanto, H., Setyadi, A. & Pawirosumarto, S. (2025). A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Human Resource Management: Integrating Ecological and Inclusive Perspectives. Sustainability 17(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031241

[100] Sokolovic, B. (2026). Developing Human Resource Sustainability: The Importance of Organizational Culture, Organizational Career Growth and Career Competences. Sustainability 18(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031192

[101] Sukmawati, Sudarmin & Salmia. (2023). DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY INSTRUMENTS AND DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES. Jurnal Pendidikan & Pengajaran Guru Sekolah Dasar 6(1), pp. 119-124. https://doi.org/10.55215/jppguseda.v6i1.7527

[102] Sun, X., Dong, Y., Shafiq, M. N., Santos, P. G. & Gillani, S. (2025). Economic policy uncertainty and environmental quality: unveiling the moderating effect of green finance on sustainable environmental outcomes. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05212-0

[103] Tahir, A. H., Umer, M., Nauman, S., Abbass, K. & Song, H. (2024). Sustainable development goals and green human resource management: A comprehensive review of environmental performance. Journal of Environmental Management 370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122495

[104] Thomas, L. (2020). Stratified Sampling | Definition, Guide & Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/stratified-sampling/

[105] Tricco, A. C., Parker, A., Khan, P. A., Nincic, V., Robson, R., MacDonald, H., Warren, R., Cleary, O., Zibrowski, E. & Baxter, N. (2024). Interventions on gender equity in the workplace: a scoping review. BMC Medicine 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03346-7

[106] Tucker, L. K. & Maksimov, V. (2026). Improving Gender Parity in Organizational Leadership for Greater Sustainability Outcomes: The Case of Fintech. Sustainability 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18073408

[107] Vedres, B. & Vásárhelyi, O. (2023). Inclusion unlocks the creative potential of gender diversity in teams. Scientific Reports 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39922-9

[108] Vlas, Cristina O. & Richard, Orlando C. & Andrevski, Goce & Konrad, Alison M., & Yang, Yang (2022). "Dynamic capabilities for managing racially diverse workforces: Effects on competitive action variety and firm performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 600-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.060

[109] Weaver, A. K., Libby, N. E., Goodale, G. & Alexander, S. (2025). Workplace diversity initiatives: more than ticking a box. Discover Social Science and Health 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-025-00176-7

[110] Willis, A., Skolarus, L., Faigle, R., Menon, U., Redwine, H., Brown, A., Felton, E., Mendizabal, A., Nath, A., Jensen, F., & McArthur, J. C. (2021). Strengthened through diversity: a blueprint for organizational change. Annals of Neurology 90(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.26165

[111] Willis, L. D. (2023). Formulating the Research Question and Framing the Hypothesis. Respiratory Care 68(8). https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.10975

[112] Wilson, M. (2023). Descriptive Research Methods. Research Methods in the Dance Sciences, pp. 153-165. https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069548.003.0011

[113] Wiyono, D., Dewi, D. A., Ambiapuri, E., Parwitasari, N. A. & Hambali, D. S. (2025). Strategic ESG-Driven Human Resource Practices: Transforming Employee Management for Sustainable Organizational Growth. arXiv preprint. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.08201

[114] Xie J, Bhutta ZM, Li D, Andleeb N. (2023). Green HRM practices for encouraging pro-environmental behavior among employees: the mediating influence of job satisfaction. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Oct;30(47):103620-103639. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29362-3. Epub 2023 Sep 9. PMID: 37688706.

[115] Xie, H. & Lau, T. C. (2023). Evidence-Based Green Human Resource Management: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability 15(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151410941

[116] Yafi, E., Tehseen, S. & Haider, S. A. (2021). Impact of Green Training on Environmental Performance through Mediating Role of Competencies and Motivation. Sustainability 13(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105624

[117] Yassim, K., Adamu, C. D. & Uleanya, C. (2025). University stakeholders’ roles in sustainability integration: challenges and administrative implications for sustainable development. Frontiers in Sustainability 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2025.1605743

[118] Ying, C. & Penetrante, M. O. (2025). Greening the Campus: Stakeholders’ Insights on Sustainability Practices in a Chinese Higher Education Institution. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 9(10), pp. 3924-3928. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.910000320

[119] Zahrani, A. A. (2024). The influence of green human resource management on university sustainability in higher education: the role of mediating environmental performance and green commitment. PeerJ. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17966

[120] Zaim, H., Maguire, D. & Keceli, Y. (2024). Impact of diversity management on organizational commitment: the mediating role of human resources management. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital 21. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLIC.2024.137576

[121] Zhang, J., Shao, X. & Sun, T. (2025). How Does Environmental Sustainability Commitment Affect Corporate Environmental Performance: A Chain Mediation Model. Sustainability 17(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083461

[122] Zhao, Z. & Ren, J. (2025). Diverse and inclusive human resource practices and employee creativity: the psychological fit mechanisms and the role of inclusive leadership. Frontiers in Psychology 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1679943

@article{1717786,
      author = {Marian V. Baliscot, Anelyn A. Janaban, Dmba, Dmhrm, Erly M. Martir, Ph.D., DM},
      title = {Workforce Diversity, Green Human Resource Management Practices, And Corporate Sustainability Among Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs)},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {11},
      pages = {2717-2744},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1717786.pdf},
      abstract = {This study examined workforce diversity, green human resource management (GHRM) practices, and corporate sustainability within Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) across Panay Island in 2026. A total of 368 respondents from HEIs in Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo were selected through stratified random sampling to ensure balanced representation across sex, educational attainment, years in service, employment status, and location. Data were gathered using a researcher developed questionnaire, informed by established literature, validated by experts, and tested for reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, independent samples t test, One Way ANOVA, and Pearson’s r correlation at a 0.05 significance level. Results revealed that workforce diversity was recognized to a very great extent, GHRM practices were mostly practiced, and corporate sustainability was consistently rated very high. No significant differences were found when classified by sex, educational attainment, and years in service, while variations emerged by employment status and location. Strong positive correlations were observed among workforce diversity, GHRM practices, and corporate sustainability, indicating that improvements in one area were associated with enhancements in the others. HEIs in Panay Island were performing well in integrating diversity and sustainability. The study recommends strengthening support systems, improving green reward programs, and addressing disparities in employment status and location.},
      keywords = {Workforce Diversity, Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) Practices, and Corporate Sustainability},
      month = {May},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I11-1717786}
  }