Relationship Between Primordial Sentiments and Educational Outcomes in Public Tertiary Institutions in Edo State Nigeria

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@article{1718008,
      author = {D. E. Enowoghomwenma, PhD},
      title = {Relationship Between Primordial Sentiments and Educational Outcomes in Public Tertiary Institutions in Edo State Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {11},
      pages = {3537-3547},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1718008.pdf},
      abstract = {This study examined the relationship between primordial sentiments and educational outcomes in public tertiary institutions in Edo State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by growing concerns regarding the increasing influence of ethnic affiliation, religious bias, regionalism, nepotism, kinship loyalty, and political patronage on institutional administration and educational effectiveness within Nigerian tertiary institutions. Anchored on Ekeh’s (1975) Two Publics Theory, the study investigated how primordial loyalties interact with civic responsibilities and institutional processes, thereby affecting meritocracy, organizational justice, transparency, and educational quality. A correlational survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised academic and non-academic staff of public tertiary institutions in Edo State, from which a sample of 370 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling techniques. Data were collected using the researcher-developed Primordial Sentiments and Educational Outcomes Questionnaire (PSEEQ) with a reliability coefficient of 0.84 established through Cronbach’s Alpha. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC) was employed to test the hypothesis at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that primordial sentiments are highly prevalent within public tertiary institutions, with ethnic affiliation and favoritism (????̄ = 3.41) and religious bias and discrimination (????̄ = 3.27) emerging as the most dominant forms. Educational outcomes were found to be moderate (grand mean = 2.69). The study further revealed a significant negative relationship between primordial sentiments and educational outcomes (r = –0.63, p < 0.05). The study concluded that primordial sentiments significantly undermine institutional effectiveness and educational quality. It recommended merit-based administration, ethical governance, organizational justice, and strengthened accountability mechanisms within tertiary institutions.},
      keywords = {Primordial Sentiments, Educational Outcomes, Ethnicity, Organizational Justice, Tertiary Institutions, Educational Administration.},
      month = {May},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I11-1718008}
  }