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Design and Implementation of Ultrasonic Sensor-Integrated PWM Motor Drive System for Variable Load Transportation
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Ultrasonic Sensor-Integrated PWM Motor
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I11-1718197
Abstract
The project presented is an ESP32 adaptive control system to regulate the speed of an A2212 BLDC motor via ultrasonic sensor feedback and PWM control using a lookup table for lightweight transportation applications. This system continuously monitors the fill level of a container using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and can also estimate the load on the motor via the sensor. The ESP32 will output PWM signals at a fixed frequency, with each respective signal's duty cycle being 30%, 60% or 90% based on up to 8 ranges defined in the lookup table as the motor will operate based on the averages of 8 measurements taken approximately every second from the ultrasonic sensor. The PWM output of the ESP32 will then be amplified by an IR2110 gate driver circuit to drive a 3-phase MOSFET-based custom inverter design that is the BLDC motor driver. Each PWM signal (30%, 60%, & 90%) will be sent to a 16x2 LCD display to display the distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor and the PWM being output by the ESP32 during operation. The method proposed eliminates the need for any closed loop control techniques to regulate the speed of the motor, thus reducing complexity and the expense associated with implementation.
Keywords
BLDC Drive, duty cycle, PWM, inverter
References
[1] J. Shao, "An Improved Microcontroller-Based Sensorless BLDC Motor Drive for Automotive Applications," in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 1216-1221, Sept.-Oct. 2006,
[2] W. Khan-Ngern, W. Keyoonwong, N. Chatsiriwech, P. Sangnopparat, P. Mattayaboon and P. Worawalai, "High Performance BLDC Motor Control for Electric Vehicle," 2018 International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences, and Technology (ICEAST), Phuket, Thailand, 2018
[3] Y. Xiaobo, L. Xiao and G. Yong, "Sensor-less brushless DC motor control system design for electric vehicle," 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC), Ningbo, 2011, pp. 2829-2833
[4] A. Gambhir and S. Mishra, "Variable Duty Cycle Approach to Improve CCM Boundary Range of Current-Fed Switched Inverter with the Modified PWM Scheme," 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Portland, OR, USA, 2018, pp. 7173-7178
[5] Gayathri, P. Nishanthi and K. S. Kumar, "Design and Performance Analysis of Electrical Vehicle Using BLDC Motor and Bidirectional Converter," 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC), Trichy, India, 2021
How to cite this paper
@article{1718197,
author = {Murgesh Raghavendra A, Abhinav RA, Abirami RM},
title = {Design and Implementation of Ultrasonic Sensor-Integrated PWM Motor Drive System for Variable Load Transportation},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {9},
number = {11},
pages = {3773-3777},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1718197.pdf},
abstract = {The project presented is an ESP32 adaptive control system to regulate the speed of an A2212 BLDC motor via ultrasonic sensor feedback and PWM control using a lookup table for lightweight transportation applications. This system continuously monitors the fill level of a container using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and can also estimate the load on the motor via the sensor. The ESP32 will output PWM signals at a fixed frequency, with each respective signal's duty cycle being 30%, 60% or 90% based on up to 8 ranges defined in the lookup table as the motor will operate based on the averages of 8 measurements taken approximately every second from the ultrasonic sensor. The PWM output of the ESP32 will then be amplified by an IR2110 gate driver circuit to drive a 3-phase MOSFET-based custom inverter design that is the BLDC motor driver. Each PWM signal (30%, 60%, & 90%) will be sent to a 16x2 LCD display to display the distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor and the PWM being output by the ESP32 during operation. The method proposed eliminates the need for any closed loop control techniques to regulate the speed of the motor, thus reducing complexity and the expense associated with implementation.},
keywords = {BLDC Drive, duty cycle, PWM, inverter},
month = {May},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I11-1718197}
}