Current Volume 9
Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Toxicology and Micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr.: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr., commonly known as the toothache plant or eyeball plant, is an important medicinal herb belonging to the family Asteraceae. The plant is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and has been extensively used in traditional medicine for the treatment of toothache, oral infections, inflammation, rheumatism, fever, and skin diseases. The therapeutic potential of S. acmella is mainly attributed to the presence of bioactive alkamides, particularly spilanthol, along with flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, phytosterols, coumarins, and essential oils. Numerous pharmacological investigations have demonstrated its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, vasorelaxant, and insecticidal activities. Recent toxicological studies suggest that the plant exhibits relatively low toxicity at therapeutic doses. However, increasing commercial demand and habitat depletion have raised concerns regarding its conservation. Consequently, in vitro micropropagation techniques have been developed to facilitate large-scale cultivation and sustainable utilization. This review summarizes the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, toxicological profile, and advances in micropropagation of S. acmella, highlighting its significance as a promising medicinal and industrial plant.
Keywords
Spilanthes Acmella, Spilanthol, Alkamides, Medicinal Plant, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Micropropagation
Citations
IRE Journals:
Grace Thomas, Rani R Nair, Chithra Gopinath "Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Toxicology and Micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr.: A Comprehensive Review" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 12 2026 Page 747-753 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I12-1718700
IEEE:
Grace Thomas, Rani R Nair, Chithra Gopinath
"Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Toxicology and Micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr.: A Comprehensive Review" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(12) https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I12-1718700
About IRE Journals
IRE Journals is an open access online journals established with an aim to publish high quality of research work in various diciplines. We have more than 6 years in publications. Over 2500+ papers already published.
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