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Performance and Emission Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Derived from Gmelina Seeds
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Renewable Energy and Biodiesel
DOI: 10.64388/IREV9I12-1718820
Abstract
This study produced and evaluated biodiesel from Gmelina arborea seeds to assess its impact on diesel engine performance and emissions. Oil was extracted via Soxhlet method and converted into biodiesel through transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst. A B5 blend (95% diesel, 3% coco methyl ester, 2% Gmelina biodiesel) was tested on a CHANGGONG R190N single-cylinder engine with a Prony brake dynamometer at 1500–3000 rpm. Results showed that the B5 blend maintained comparable brake power and torque to conventional diesel. Emission analysis revealed reduced carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, while nitrogen oxides slightly increased. The study concludes that Gmelina biodiesel is a viable renewable fuel, supporting cleaner combustion and contributing to energy sustainability. (Biodiesel, Gmelina arborea, Engine Performance, Prony Brake Dynamometer)
References
[1] S. Kumar, “Non-edible oils for biodiesel production: A sustainable approach,” Renewable Energy Journal, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 252–258, 2010.
[2] P. Singh and R. Sharma, “Biodiesel production from Pongamia pinnata oil,” Fuel, vol. 87, no. 12, pp. 2886–2892, 2008.
[3] C. Ogbonnaya, “Fuel properties of Gmelina arborea biodiesel,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 45–52, 2013.
[4] S. Chauhan, “Experimental evaluation of biodiesel blends using Prony brake dynamometer,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 89–96, 2015.
[5] Department of Energy (DOE), “Circular No. 2024-05-0014: Progressive biodiesel blending mandate,” Manila, Philippines, 2024.
[6] J. Santos, “Oil yield potential of Gmelina arborea seeds,” Philippine Journal of Agricultural Engineering, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 112–118, 2022.
[7] Department of Energy, PNS/DOE TM 01: Biodiesel Testing Method, DOE Laboratory, 2025.
How to cite this paper
@article{1718820,
author = {Crystal Shane M. Villanueva, Diana Mae S. Veluz, Mark Joseph C. Salazar},
title = {Performance and Emission Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Derived from Gmelina Seeds},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {9},
number = {12},
pages = {1182-1190},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1718820.pdf},
abstract = {This study produced and evaluated biodiesel from Gmelina arborea seeds to assess its impact on diesel engine performance and emissions. Oil was extracted via Soxhlet method and converted into biodiesel through transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst. A B5 blend (95% diesel, 3% coco methyl ester, 2% Gmelina biodiesel) was tested on a CHANGGONG R190N single-cylinder engine with a Prony brake dynamometer at 1500–3000 rpm. Results showed that the B5 blend maintained comparable brake power and torque to conventional diesel. Emission analysis revealed reduced carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, while nitrogen oxides slightly increased. The study concludes that Gmelina biodiesel is a viable renewable fuel, supporting cleaner combustion and contributing to energy sustainability. (Biodiesel, Gmelina arborea, Engine Performance, Prony Brake Dynamometer)},
month = {June},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I12-1718820}
}