Home / Current Issue / Paper 1718891
Battery Management System in Electric Vehicles Using Deep Learning: A Hybrid LSTM-CNN Framework for Enhanced State Estimation and Predictive Maintenance
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Deep Learning for EV Battery Management
DOI: 10.64388/IREV9I12-1718891
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a key pillar of sustainable mobility, driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions from transportation and address climate change more broadly.With the global shift toward sustainable mobility, EVs have become a cornerstone of decarbonized transportation, as the need to lower carbon emissions from transportation and tackle climate change more broadly grows. The Battery Management System (BMS) is at the heart of EV performance, safety and durability, and the accuracy of these key battery states directly affects vehicle range, reliability and user confidence. Most traditional BMS methods such as equivalent-circuit model, extended Kalman filter (EKF), and heuristic algorithms are not effective in tracking the temperature-dependent, history-dependent and highly nonlinear degradation process of modern Lithium-ion batteries in real driving conditions. This paper introduces a novel hybrid deep learning approach which combines both Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for learning spatial features from multi-dimensional voltage-current-temperature (V-I-T) matrices and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network with attention mechanism for capturing long-range temporal dependency of battery aging trajectories. The architecture utilizes the multi task learning method to predict both State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), and Remaining Useful Life (RUL). Edge optimized deployment of TensorRT/ONNX supports real-time inference for resource constrained microcontrollers in the automotive space. Under UDDS driving cycles and US06 driving cycles, the state-of-the-art performance is demonstrated by obtaining an error reduction of 71% under RMSE and MAE criteria when estimating state of charge (SoC) on NASA Ames Prognostics Center and CALCE benchmark datasets, and by maintaining an RMSE below 1.15% for SoH prediction across 1,150+ cycles, with RUL predictions showing an accuracy of +-18.7 cycles. With 38 ms inference latency and 0.9 mJ energy consumption, Edge deployment meets tough automotive real-time and thermal requirements. A proposed framework brings science into the real world, with a pathway to future deployable intelligence for predictive, adaptive and safety-critical battery management in next-generation EVs.
Keywords
Battery Management System (BMS), Deep Learning; LSTM-CNN Hybrid, State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), Remaining Useful Life (RUL), Electric Vehicles, Predictive Maintenance, Edge Computing, Lithium-Ion Batteries
References
[1] M. Cavus et al., "AI-driven predictive maintenance for EV batteries," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2025, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2025.1234567.
[2] S. Sultan et al., "Machine-learning-based active cell balancing for lifespan enhancement in EV batteries," J. Power Sources, vol. 612, 2025.
[3] Y. Wang et al., "Offline reinforcement learning for data-driven energy management in connected EVs," Appl. Energy, 2025.
[4] K. Srinivasan and P. Joice, "Bio-inspired deep learning optimizer for energy management in hybrid EVs," Energy AI, vol. 18, 2025.
[5] C. Tripp-Barba et al., "Systematic mapping of Li-ion battery state estimation methods: Gaps and opportunities," Renew. Energy, 2025.
[6] V. Naresh et al., "Data-driven fault diagnosis for battery management systems using machine learning," IEEE Access, vol. 12, 2024.
[7] S. Mousaei et al., "A comprehensive review of machine learning techniques for state-of-charge estimation in lithium-ion batteries," J. Energy Storage, vol. 72, 2024.
[8] J. Jui et al., "Optimal energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles using machine learning: A survey," Transp. Res. Part C, 2024.
[9] M. Ali et al., "Deep learning-based thermal management for extending Li-ion battery lifespan," Appl. Therm. Eng., 2024.
[10] R. Punyavathi et al., "Sustainable power management in light electric vehicles using hybrid machine learning approaches," Sustainability, 2024.
[11] J. Immanuel et al., "Integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques for advanced EV battery management," IEEE Internet Things J., 2024.
[12] V. Kosuru and A. Kavasseri, "Deep learning-based sensor fault detection and isolation in battery management systems," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 18, 2023.
[13] M. Lipu et al., "Artificial intelligence for advanced battery management systems: A comprehensive review," J. Power Sources, vol. 580, 2023.
[14] Y. Sun et al., "Deep learning combined with model predictive control for energy management in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrif., 2023.
[15] S. Jondhle et al., "Artificial intelligence optimization techniques for hybrid electric vehicle energy management: A review," Energy Convers. Manage., 2023.
[16] L. Pulvirenti et al., "LSTM-based deep learning model for energy management with vehicle speed prediction," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2023.
[17] X. Hu et al., "Reinforcement learning for energy management in hybrid electric vehicles: A review," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2019.
[18] M. Ali et al., "Critical review of state-of-charge estimation methods for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles," J. Energy Storage, vol. 25, 2019.
How to cite this paper
@article{1718891,
author = {Khushbu, Dr. Vipin},
title = {Battery Management System in Electric Vehicles Using Deep Learning: A Hybrid LSTM-CNN Framework for Enhanced State Estimation and Predictive Maintenance},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {9},
number = {12},
pages = {1323-1330},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1718891.pdf},
abstract = {Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a key pillar of sustainable mobility, driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions from transportation and address climate change more broadly.With the global shift toward sustainable mobility, EVs have become a cornerstone of decarbonized transportation, as the need to lower carbon emissions from transportation and tackle climate change more broadly grows. The Battery Management System (BMS) is at the heart of EV performance, safety and durability, and the accuracy of these key battery states directly affects vehicle range, reliability and user confidence. Most traditional BMS methods such as equivalent-circuit model, extended Kalman filter (EKF), and heuristic algorithms are not effective in tracking the temperature-dependent, history-dependent and highly nonlinear degradation process of modern Lithium-ion batteries in real driving conditions. This paper introduces a novel hybrid deep learning approach which combines both Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for learning spatial features from multi-dimensional voltage-current-temperature (V-I-T) matrices and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network with attention mechanism for capturing long-range temporal dependency of battery aging trajectories. The architecture utilizes the multi task learning method to predict both State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), and Remaining Useful Life (RUL). Edge optimized deployment of TensorRT/ONNX supports real-time inference for resource constrained microcontrollers in the automotive space. Under UDDS driving cycles and US06 driving cycles, the state-of-the-art performance is demonstrated by obtaining an error reduction of 71% under RMSE and MAE criteria when estimating state of charge (SoC) on NASA Ames Prognostics Center and CALCE benchmark datasets, and by maintaining an RMSE below 1.15% for SoH prediction across 1,150+ cycles, with RUL predictions showing an accuracy of +-18.7 cycles. With 38 ms inference latency and 0.9 mJ energy consumption, Edge deployment meets tough automotive real-time and thermal requirements. A proposed framework brings science into the real world, with a pathway to future deployable intelligence for predictive, adaptive and safety-critical battery management in next-generation EVs.},
keywords = {Battery Management System (BMS), Deep Learning; LSTM-CNN Hybrid, State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), Remaining Useful Life (RUL), Electric Vehicles, Predictive Maintenance, Edge Computing, Lithium-Ion Batteries},
month = {June},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I12-1718891}
}