A Review on Challenges and Opportunities in Herbal Medicine

References

[1] Available from: https://www.omicsonline.org/natural products/herbal-medicine-review-articles’.

[2] World Health Organization Traditional medicine strategy: 2014-2023. Hong Kong: SAR, China, World Health Organization; 2013.

[3] Tilburg JC, Kaptchuk TJ. Herbal medicine research and global health: An ethical analysis. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86:594-9.

[4] Kamboj A. Analytical Evaluation of Herbal Drugs. In: Vallisuta O, editor. Drug Discovery Research in Pharmacognosy. 1st ed. Rijeka, Croatia: Tech Publication; 2012.

[5] World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Regulation of Herbal Medicines in the South-East Asia Region. New Delhi: World Health Organization; 2004.

[6] World Health Organization. National Policy on Traditional Medicine and Regulation of Herbal Medicines. Geneva: Report of WHO Global Survey; 2005.

[7] Conboy L, Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM, Gottlieb B, Acevedo Garcia D. The relationship between social factors and attitudes toward conventional and CAM practitioners. Complement Ther Clin Practice 2007; 13:146-57.

[8] Sen S, Chakraborty R. Revival, modernization and clinical practice: Importance, challenges and future. J Trad Complement Med 2017; 7:234-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.006, PMID 28417092

[9] Newman DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM. The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2000; 17:215-34. doi: 10.1039/a902202c, PMID 10888010

[10] Bussmann RW, Malca-García G, Glenn A, Sharon D, Chait G, Díaz D, et al. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of medicinal plants used in Northern Peru as antibacterial remedies. J Ethnopharmacology 2010; 132:101-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.048, PMID 20678568

[11] Mehta P, Bisht K, Sekar KC. Diversity of threatened medicinal plants of Indian Himalayan Region. Plant Bio systems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology. 2021 Nov 2; 155(6):1121-32.

[12] Rasool A, Bhat KM, Sheikh AA, Jan A, Hassan S. Medicinal plants: Role, distribution and future. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2020; 9(2):2111-4.

[13] Amiri MS, Yazdi ME, Rahnama M. Medicinal plants and Phytotherapy in Iran: Glorious history, current status and future prospects. Plant Science Today. 2021 Jan 1; 8(1):95-111.

[14] Qadir SU, Raja V. Herbal medicine: Old practice and modern perspectives. In Phytomedicines 2021 Jan 1 (pp. 149-180). Academic Press.

[15] Balammal G, Sekar BM, Reddy JP. Analysis of herbal medicines by modern chromatographic techniques. Int J Preclin Pharm Res 2012:3:50-63.

[16] Pal SK, Shukla Y. Herbal medicine: Current status and the future. Asian

[17] Pac J Cancer Prev 2003; 4:281-8. PMID 14728584

[18] Nema AK, Agarwal A, Kashaw V. Hepatoprotective activity of Leptadenia reticulata stems against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011:2:360-74

[19] Prabhu TP, Panneerselvam P, Kumar RV, Atlee WC, Subramanian SB.Anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis and analgesic effect of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Merremia emarginata Burm.f. Cent. Eur J Exp Biol 2012:1:94-9.

[20] Patel P, Patel D, Patel N. Experimental investigation of anti-theumatoid activity of Pleurotus sajor caju in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Chin JNat Med 2012; 10:269-74.

[21] Karbwang J, Crawley FP, Na-Bangchang K, Maramba-Lazarte C

[22] Herbal medicine development: Methodologies, challenges, and issues. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019; 2019:4935786. doi: 10.1155/2019/4935786, PMID 31687036

[23] Bansal G, Suthar N, Kaur J, Jain A. Stability testing of herbal drugs: Challenges, regulatory compliance and perspectives. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1046-58. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5618, PMID 27073177

[24] Cassileth BR, Heitzer M, Wesa K. The public health impact of herbs and nutritional supplements. Pharm Biol 2009; 47:761-7. doi: 10.1080/13880200902991581, PMID 19890479

[25] World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Regulation of Herbal Medicines in the South-East Asia Region. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.

[26] World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Safety Monitoring of Herbal Medicines in Pharmacovigilance Systems. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.

[27] World Health Organization. National Policy on Traditional Medicine and Regulation of Herbal Medicines: Report of a WHO Global Survey. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.

[28] Bansal D, Hota D, Chakrabarti A. Research methodological issues in evaluating herbal interventions. Open Access J Clin Trials 2010; 2:15-21.

[29] World Health Organization. Traditional and modern medicine: harmonizing the two approaches: A Report of the Consultation Meeting on Traditional and Modern Medicine: Harmonizing the Two Approaches. Beijing, China: World Health Organization; 1999.

[30] US Food and Drug Administration. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/federalfooddrugandcosmeticactfdcact/significantamendmentstothefdcact/ucm148003.html [Last accessed on 2021 Nov].

[31] US Food and Drug Administration. Regulatory Framework of DSHEA of 1994. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Testimony/ucm115163.htm [Last accessed on 2021 Nov].

[32] National Institute of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements. Kava; 2021. Available from: https://www.ods.od.nih.gov/health_information/kava.aspx [Last accessed on 2021 Nov].

[33] Skalli S, Soulaymani Bencheikh RS. Safety monitoring of herbdrug interactions: A component of pharmacovigilance. Drug Saf 2012; 35:785-91.

[34] Zhou J, Ouedraogo M, Qu F, Duez P. Potential genotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicinal plants and phytochemicals: An overview. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1745-55. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4942, PMID 23420770

[35] Kapere KN, Mugisha MK, Anne O. Community perceptions on the use of traditional medicine among people experiencing sexual dysfunctions in Greater Mbarara, Western Uganda. J Pharmacognosy Phytochemical 2022; 11:46-59.

[36] Bent S. Herbal medicine in the United States: Review of efficacy, safety, and regulation: grand rounds at University of California, San Francisco Medical Center. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 23:854-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0632-y, PMID 18415652

[37] Ernst E. Herb-drug interactions: Potentially important but woefully under-researched. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 56:523-4. doi: 10.1007/s002280000194, PMID 11151739

[38] Knöss W, Chinou I. Regulation of medicinal plants for public healthEuropean community monographs on herbal substances. Planta Med 2012; 78:1311-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1298578, PMID 22618374

[39] Orisatoki R, Oguntibeju OJAocm. The role of herbal medicine use in HIV/AIDS treatment; 2010.

[40] Coulter ID, Willis EM. The rise and rise of complementary and alternative medicine: A sociological perspective. Med J Aust. 2004;180(11):587-9. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377. 2004.tb06099.x, PMID 15174992.

[41] Ekor MJFip. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol. 2014; 4:177. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00177, PMID 24454289.

[42] Kumar R, Goyal A, Padhy BM, Gupta YK. Self-medication practice and factors influencing it among medical and paramedical students in India: A two-period comparative cross-sectional study. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2016;7(2):143-8. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.184700, PMID 27433064.

[43] Amine LS, Chao MCH. Managing country image to long-term advantage: The case of Taiwan and Acer. Place Brand Public Dipl. 2005;1(2):187-204. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990020.

[44] Sofowora A, Ogunbodede E, Onayade A. The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2013;10(5):210-29. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam. v10i5.2, PMID 24311829.

[45] Bhojani U. Enhancing care for urban poor living with chronic conditions: Role of local health systems. Ghent University; 2016.

[46] Katoch D, et al. Gov Pol Initiat Dev Ayurveda. 2017; 197:25-31.

@article{1719343,
      author = {Gajanan Shinde, Anjali R. Gavhane},
      title = {A Review on Challenges and Opportunities in Herbal Medicine},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {12},
      pages = {3130-3143},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1719343.pdf},
      abstract = {Herbal medicines and their formulations have been used for thousands of years across both developing and developed nations. These remedies represent therapeutic knowledge accumulated over generations through traditional medical systems and practices. In recent years, herbal treatments have gained increasing acceptance worldwide due to their perceived effectiveness, safety profile, and minimal adverse effects. India possesses an extensive and valuable history of traditional herbal practices, especially through its indigenous medical systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, which primarily rely on herbal and herbo-mineral preparations. These formulations may include a single plant or a combination of multiple herbs, which makes standardization and quality control more challenging compared to conventional pharmaceutical drugs. Furthermore, the available scientific evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of many traditional medicines is still inadequate to meet global regulatory requirements. This review aims to highlight the major barriers and concerns related to conservation of medicinal plants, advancements in research and technology, production and quality control, safety and clinical validation of herbal products, as well as the emerging opportunities for herbal medicine at both national and international levels.},
      keywords = {Herbal Medicines, Traditional Medicines, Ayurvedha, Siddha, Unani, Medicinal Plants, Herbal Formulations, Safety and Efficacy, Regulatory Challenges, Herbal Drug Development, Quality Control and Standardization.},
      month = {June},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I12-1719343}
  }