Hydrogeochemical and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Groundwater in Auta Balefi, Northcentral, Nigeria

References

[1] APHA (2005). Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water, 21ST ed. American Public Health Association. APHA: Washingto, D.C.

[2] American Society for Testing and Material (2004). Annual book of ASTM standards, water and environmental technology, vol.11.01, water (i) ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA

[3] Basnyat P, Teeter LD, Flynn KM, Lockaby BG (1999) Relationships between landscape characteristics and nonpoint source pollution inputs to coastal estuaries. Environ Manage 23(4):539–549

[4] Basnyat P, Teeter L, Lockaby B, Flynn K (2000). The use of remote sensing and GIS in watershed level analyses of non-point source pollution problems. For Ecol Manage 128(1–2):65–73

[5] Behera S, Panda R (2006) Evaluation of management alternatives for an agricultural watershed in a sub-humid subtropical region using a physical process-based model. Agricult Ecosyst Environ 113 (1–4):62–72

[6] Chowdary V, Ramakrishnan D, Srivastava Y, Chandran V, Jeyaram A (2009) Integrated water resource development plan for sustainable management of Mayurakshi watershed, India using remote sensing and GIS. Water Resour Manage 23(8):1581–1602

[7] Gupta M, Srivastava PK (2010) Integrating GIS and remote sensing for identification of groundwater potential zones in the hilly terrain of Pavagarh, Gujarat, India. Water Int 35(2):233–245

[8] Jaiswal RK, Saxena R, Mukherjee S (1999) Application of remote sensing technology for land use/land cover change analysis. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 27(2):123–128

[9] Lerner DN, Harris B (2009). The relationship between land use and groundwater resources and quality. Land Use Policy 26:S265 S273. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.005

[10] Marcovecchio, J.E, Botte, S.E, & Freije, R.H (2007). Heavy Metals, Major Metals, Trace Elements, in, Handbook of Water Analysis. Nollet, L.M. (Ed.). 2nd Edn. London: CRC Press (2007) pp. 275-311.

[11] Mendie, U (2005). The Nature of Water, In, The Theory and Practice of Clean Water Production for Domestic and Industrial Use, Lagos: Lacto-Medals Publishers (2005) pp. 1-21.

[12] Mukherjee S, Shashtri S, Singh C, Srivastava PK, Gupta M (2009) Effect of canal on land use/land cover using remote sensing and GIS. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 37(3):527–537

[13] Murariu, G., Stanciu, S., Dinca, L., & Munteanu, D. (2025). GIS applications in monitoring and managing heavy metal contamination of water resources. Applied Sciences, 15(19), 10332. doi.org

[14] Narayanan, M. S. S., Pitchaimani, V. S., Sivakumar, M., Dinesh Kumar, T., & Abishek, S. R. (2025). Spatial assessment of heavy metal contamination in groundwater in the Kadaladi region, Tamil Nadu, India. Scientific Reports, 15, 27704. doi.org

[15] Ramesh K. & Elango L., (2011): Groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and agricultural use in Tondiar river basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 184: 3887-99.

[16] Scanlon BR, Reedy RC, Stonestrom DA, Prudic DE, Dennehy KF (2005) Impact of land use and land cover change on groundwater recharge and quality in the southwestern US. Global Change Biol 11(10):1577–1593

[17] Sener E, Davraz A, Ozcelik M (2005). An integration of GIS and remote sensing in groundwater investigations: a case study in Burdur, Turkey. Hydrogeol J 13(5):826–834

[18] Singh SK, Singh CK, and Mukherjee S (2010) Impact of land-use and land cover change on groundwater quality in the Lower Shiwalik hills: a remote sensing and GIS based approach. Central Eur J Geosci 2 (2):124–131.

[19] Srivastava PK, Mukherjee S, Gupta M (2010) Impact of urbanization on land use/land cover change using remote sensing and GIS: a case study. Int J Ecol Econ Stat 18(S10):106–117

[20] Srivastava PK, Mukherjee S, Gupta M, Singh S (2011) Characterizing monsoonal variation on water quality index of river Mahi in India using Geographical Information System. Water Qual Expos Health: 1–11

[21] Srivastava PK, Kiran G, Gupta M, Sharma N, Prasad K (2012) A atudy on distribution of heavy metal contamination in the vegetables using GIS and analytical technique. Int J Ecol Dev 21(1):89–99

[22] Tong STY, Chen W (2002) Modeling the relationship between land use and surface water quality. J Environ Manage 66(4):377–393

[23] Tweed SO, Leblanc M, Webb JA, Lubczynski MW (2007). Remote sensing and GIS for mapping groundwater recharge and discharge areas in salinity prone catchments, southeastern Australia. Hydro geol J 15(1):75–96

[24] World Health Organisation (2007). Water for Pharmaceutical Use, In, Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals: A Compendium of Guidelines and Related Materials, 2nd Updated Edn.

[25] Yeh HF, Lee CH, Hsu KC,Chang PH (2009). GIS for the assessment of the groundwater recharge potential zone. Environ Geol 58 (1):185–195.

@article{1719400,
      author = {Abdulmalik Sadiqq Abdullahi-Tahir, Ibrahim Lapiya Batat; Peace Yakubu Galadima, Egga Verem Damalu; Ambore Eunice Ibrahim, Augustina Ayiabo Maiya; Akulaga Terfa, Ishaya Esther Habu; Samson Mandong Philibus; Ede Joshua Yakubu},
      title = {Hydrogeochemical and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Groundwater in Auta Balefi, Northcentral, Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {1},
      pages = {190-195},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1719400.pdf},
      abstract = {Water resource pollution is an issue of great concern globally. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) enter groundwater systems from leaching from rocks, and the activities of man like agriculture, mining, industrial activities, waste disposal, etc. This study is carried out at Auta Balefi, North-Central, Nigeria. A total of 25 water samples were collected (10 from boreholes - BH, and 15 from hand-dug wells – HDW), with the aim of determining the concentration of heavy metals in the water (by geochemical analysis) and their spatial distributiuon in the area (using remote sensing and GIS). After analysis of heavy metals concentration in groundwater, they are projected in spatial distribution maps for estimating and monitoring the quality of groundwater at study area. Analysis showed most of the heavy metals analysed were within the permissible limit in drinking water by Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and World Health Organisation (WHO). Arsenic, Lead and Selenium have concentrations in some locations beyond the permissible limit in drinking water by NSDWQ and WHO, with the range of 0.002-0.578, 0.002-0.159 and 0.034-0.765mg/L, respectively. Spatial analysis showed the distribution of the heavy metals in the groundwater of Auta Balefi is of higher concentration in the north-western and south-eastern part of the area.},
      keywords = {Heavy Metals, Groundwater, Spatial Distribution, Hydrogeochemical, Nigeria},
      month = {July},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719400}
  }