Performance Evaluation of Downlink MIMO-NOMA Achievable Sum Rate, Outage Probability, and Energy Efficiency

• Author(s): Muoghalu, C.N.; Ugwu, Chekwube Romanus; Achebe, P. N.
• Paper ID: 1719582
• Page: 707-720
• Published Date: 08-07-2026
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 10 Issue 1 July-2026
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719582

Abstract

The introduction of multiple antennas at the transmit and receive ends respectively with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) will give rise to wireless communication system that leverages the spatial multiplexing configuration of the MIMO scheme that would be able to multiply the spectral efficiency gain and as such improve system performance. In this paper, the performance of downlink MIMO-NOMA system is evaluated in terms of achievable sum rate, outage probability, and energy efficiency. An outage probability performance evaluation conducted revealed that the farther a user is from the base station (BS), the greater the chances of being dropped out from communication link. Thus, the simulation result in terms of far and near user revealed that the far user with outage probability of 1.2 × 10-5 has the highest chance or probability of being out of service in the network compared to the near user with outage probability of 4 × 10-6. The simulated achievable sum rate of the considered system was 43.33 bps/Hz. The EE against SE analysis revealed that the system achieved better maximum values (EE = 568872 b/J and SE = 11.1878 bps/Hz) than orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) that yielded EE = 420118 b/J and SE = s 8.40236 bps/Hz. Finally, to ascertain the advantage of the considered downlink MIMO-NOMA with three users over the arrangement with two users, achievable sum rates of both were compared and the simulated results revealed improvement over the previous scheme with two users. It suffices to say that the considered multiuser NOMA with three users outperformed the previous system in literature with two users and thus will be more preferable for improved 5G application. However, further study should be conduct with a greater number of antennas to large scale capacity to achieve greater sophisticated MIMO-NOMA system.

Keywords

Achievable Sum Rate, Downlink System, MIMO-NOMA, Outage Probability, Spectral Efficiency

Citations

IRE Journals:
Muoghalu, C.N., Ugwu, Chekwube Romanus, Achebe, P. N. "Performance Evaluation of Downlink MIMO-NOMA Achievable Sum Rate, Outage Probability, and Energy Efficiency " Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 10 Issue 1 2026 Page 707-720 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719582

IEEE:
Muoghalu, C.N., Ugwu, Chekwube Romanus, Achebe, P. N. "Performance Evaluation of Downlink MIMO-NOMA Achievable Sum Rate, Outage Probability, and Energy Efficiency " Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 1, Jul. 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719582

APA:
Muoghalu, C.N., Ugwu, Chekwube Romanus, Achebe, P. N. (2026). Performance Evaluation of Downlink MIMO-NOMA Achievable Sum Rate, Outage Probability, and Energy Efficiency . Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 10(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719582

MLA:
Muoghalu, C.N., Ugwu, Chekwube Romanus, Achebe, P. N. "Performance Evaluation of Downlink MIMO-NOMA Achievable Sum Rate, Outage Probability, and Energy Efficiency " Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 1, Jul. 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719582

BibTeX

@article{1719582,
author = {Muoghalu, C.N., Ugwu, Chekwube Romanus, Achebe, P. N.},
title = {Performance Evaluation of Downlink MIMO-NOMA Achievable Sum Rate, Outage Probability, and Energy Efficiency },
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {707-720},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1719582.pdf},
abstract = {The introduction of multiple antennas at the transmit and receive ends respectively with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) will give rise to wireless communication system that leverages the spatial multiplexing configuration of the MIMO scheme that would be able to multiply the spectral efficiency gain and as such improve system performance. In this paper, the performance of downlink MIMO-NOMA system is evaluated in terms of achievable sum rate, outage probability, and energy efficiency. An outage probability performance evaluation conducted revealed that the farther a user is from the base station (BS), the greater the chances of being dropped out from communication link. Thus, the simulation result in terms of far and near user revealed that the far user with outage probability of 1.2 × 10-5 has the highest chance or probability of being out of service in the network compared to the near user with outage probability of 4 × 10-6. The simulated achievable sum rate of the considered system was 43.33 bps/Hz. The EE against SE analysis revealed that the system achieved better maximum values (EE = 568872 b/J and SE = 11.1878 bps/Hz) than orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) that yielded EE = 420118 b/J and SE = s 8.40236 bps/Hz. Finally, to ascertain the advantage of the considered downlink MIMO-NOMA with three users over the arrangement with two users, achievable sum rates of both were compared and the simulated results revealed improvement over the previous scheme with two users. It suffices to say that the considered multiuser NOMA with three users outperformed the previous system in literature with two users and thus will be more preferable for improved 5G application. However, further study should be conduct with a greater number of antennas to large scale capacity to achieve greater sophisticated MIMO-NOMA system.},
keywords = {Achievable Sum Rate, Downlink System, MIMO-NOMA, Outage Probability, Spectral Efficiency},
month = {July}
}