Artificial Intelligence in Justice Delivery: Opportunities, Risks and Regulatory Challenges in India

• Author(s): Dr. V. Ramya
• Paper ID: 1719658
• Page: 995-1006
• Published Date: 10-07-2026
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 10 Issue 1 July-2026
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719658

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors, including the administration of justice. In India, AI-driven technologies are increasingly being explored to enhance judicial efficiency, reduce case backlogs, improve legal research, facilitate case management, and provide greater access to justice through digital platforms. Initiatives such as AI-assisted translation of judgments, e-Courts, virtual hearings, and legal analytics demonstrate the growing integration of technology into the justice delivery system. While these innovations offer significant opportunities to strengthen the rule of law and judicial administration, they also raise complex legal, ethical, and constitutional concerns relating to transparency, accountability, privacy, algorithmic bias, and judicial independence. This paper critically examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in India’s justice delivery system by analysing its potential benefits, associated risks, and the evolving regulatory framework. It explores how AI can support judges, lawyers, court administrators, and litigants without replacing human judicial discretion, while also addressing concerns regarding automated decision-making, data protection, explainability of algorithms, and the right to a fair trial. The study evaluates the constitutional implications of AI in light of Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution of India and considers the relevance of judicial precedents, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and emerging policy initiatives on AI governance. Adopting a doctrinal research methodology based on constitutional provisions, statutes, judicial decisions, government reports, and scholarly literature, the paper argues that AI should function as an assistive tool rather than a substitute for human adjudication. It concludes that a balanced regulatory framework founded on constitutional values, transparency, accountability, human oversight, and ethical AI principles is essential for ensuring that technological innovation enhances, rather than compromises, the administration of justice. Such an approach will enable India to modernise its judicial system while safeguarding fundamental rights, public trust, and the independence of the judiciary in the digital era.

Citations

IRE Journals:
Dr. V. Ramya "Artificial Intelligence in Justice Delivery: Opportunities, Risks and Regulatory Challenges in India" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 10 Issue 1 2026 Page 995-1006 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719658

IEEE:
Dr. V. Ramya "Artificial Intelligence in Justice Delivery: Opportunities, Risks and Regulatory Challenges in India" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 1, Jul. 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719658

APA:
Dr. V. Ramya (2026). Artificial Intelligence in Justice Delivery: Opportunities, Risks and Regulatory Challenges in India. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 10(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719658

MLA:
Dr. V. Ramya "Artificial Intelligence in Justice Delivery: Opportunities, Risks and Regulatory Challenges in India" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 1, Jul. 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719658

BibTeX

@article{1719658,
author = {Dr. V. Ramya},
title = {Artificial Intelligence in Justice Delivery: Opportunities, Risks and Regulatory Challenges in India},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {995-1006},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1719658.pdf},
abstract = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors, including the administration of justice. In India, AI-driven technologies are increasingly being explored to enhance judicial efficiency, reduce case backlogs, improve legal research, facilitate case management, and provide greater access to justice through digital platforms. Initiatives such as AI-assisted translation of judgments, e-Courts, virtual hearings, and legal analytics demonstrate the growing integration of technology into the justice delivery system. While these innovations offer significant opportunities to strengthen the rule of law and judicial administration, they also raise complex legal, ethical, and constitutional concerns relating to transparency, accountability, privacy, algorithmic bias, and judicial independence. This paper critically examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in India’s justice delivery system by analysing its potential benefits, associated risks, and the evolving regulatory framework. It explores how AI can support judges, lawyers, court administrators, and litigants without replacing human judicial discretion, while also addressing concerns regarding automated decision-making, data protection, explainability of algorithms, and the right to a fair trial. The study evaluates the constitutional implications of AI in light of Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution of India and considers the relevance of judicial precedents, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and emerging policy initiatives on AI governance. Adopting a doctrinal research methodology based on constitutional provisions, statutes, judicial decisions, government reports, and scholarly literature, the paper argues that AI should function as an assistive tool rather than a substitute for human adjudication. It concludes that a balanced regulatory framework founded on constitutional values, transparency, accountability, human oversight, and ethical AI principles is essential for ensuring that technological innovation enhances, rather than compromises, the administration of justice. Such an approach will enable India to modernise its judicial system while safeguarding fundamental rights, public trust, and the independence of the judiciary in the digital era.},
month = {July}
}