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Effect of Filler Concentration and Frequency on the Dielectric Properties of Bitter Cola Seed Carbonized HDPE
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Materials/Energy
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719744
Abstract
In this work, we studied the development of a sustainable, high-performance green dielectric material. This was achieved through the use of bitter cola (Garcinia kola) seed as a conductive filler in a High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The bitter cola seeds were carbonized at 700°C under an inert atmosphere to get biochar. It was mixed and compressed with melted high density polyethylene. This enabled us to form composite sheets with varying filler concentrations of 0 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%. We determined the dielectric properties; relative permittivity (ε′), dielectric loss factor (ε′′), and loss tangent (tanδ) over a wide frequency spectrum of 102 Hz to 106 Hz at room temperature. The results showed that the relative permittivity increased non-linearly with biochar loading, thereby showing a dramatic enhancement, as the concentration approached the percolation threshold at approximately 15 wt.%. Conversely, a strong frequency dispersion was observed as ε′ and ε′′ decreased significantly with increasing frequency. This behavior was accurately described by the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) interfacial polarization mechanism. This work introduced a viable, low-cost path for green functional bio-composites for embedded capacitors, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications.
How to cite this paper
@article{1719744,
author = {Uchechukwu Vincent Okpala, Odunze Chike Barthlomew, Joy Ifeoma Emeodi},
title = {Effect of Filler Concentration and Frequency on the Dielectric Properties of Bitter Cola Seed Carbonized HDPE},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {1054-1057},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1719744.pdf},
abstract = {In this work, we studied the development of a sustainable, high-performance green dielectric material. This was achieved through the use of bitter cola (Garcinia kola) seed as a conductive filler in a High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The bitter cola seeds were carbonized at 700°C under an inert atmosphere to get biochar. It was mixed and compressed with melted high density polyethylene. This enabled us to form composite sheets with varying filler concentrations of 0 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%. We determined the dielectric properties; relative permittivity (ε′), dielectric loss factor (ε′′), and loss tangent (tanδ) over a wide frequency spectrum of 102 Hz to 106 Hz at room temperature. The results showed that the relative permittivity increased non-linearly with biochar loading, thereby showing a dramatic enhancement, as the concentration approached the percolation threshold at approximately 15 wt.%. Conversely, a strong frequency dispersion was observed as ε′ and ε′′ decreased significantly with increasing frequency. This behavior was accurately described by the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) interfacial polarization mechanism. This work introduced a viable, low-cost path for green functional bio-composites for embedded capacitors, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications.},
month = {July},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1719744}
}