A Multi-Criteria Decision Model for Optimal Construction and Deployment of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Grid Support

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@article{1719987,
      author = {Ibukun Olaoluwa Adeniji, Habeeb Shittu, Oghenemaero Oteri, Mujeeb A Shittu},
      title = {A Multi-Criteria Decision Model for Optimal Construction and Deployment of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Grid Support},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {10},
      pages = {1934-1948},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1719987.pdf},
      abstract = {The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and the growing need for grid stability have positioned Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) as critical infrastructure for modern power systems. However, the construction and deployment of BESS require complex decision-making processes that integrate technical, economic, grid, and environmental considerations. This paper presents a comprehensive review and proposes a multi-criteria decision model for the optimal construction and deployment of BESS for grid support. The study synthesizes existing literature on energy storage planning, grid optimization, and decision analytics to identify key factors influencing BESS deployment. The proposed model adopts a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework, integrating weighted scoring and optimization techniques to evaluate alternative deployment strategies. Core technical parameters include capacity sizing and response time, which determine system performance and grid responsiveness. Economic factors such as capital expenditure (CAPEX), operational costs, and lifecycle cost analysis are incorporated to ensure financial viability. Grid-level considerations, including congestion relief and peak shaving, are evaluated to enhance system reliability and efficiency. Environmental dimensions, such as land use optimization and emissions offset potential, are also embedded to support sustainable energy transitions. The model establishes a structured decision pathway that enables utilities and policymakers to assess trade-offs across competing criteria and identify optimal deployment configurations. Unlike existing approaches that focus on isolated aspects of BESS planning, this framework provides an integrated construction-to-grid perspective, bridging engineering design, economic evaluation, and policy considerations. The findings highlight the importance of balancing performance, cost, and sustainability objectives in BESS deployment. This study contributes to the field by offering a scalable and adaptable decision-support model that can be applied across diverse energy systems, thereby facilitating informed decision-making and accelerating the adoption of energy storage technologies for resilient and sustainable grid operations.},
      keywords = {Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Grid Optimization, Energy Storage Planning, Peak Shaving and Congestion Relief, Sustainable Energy Systems},
      month = {April},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV8I10-1719987}
  }