A Systematic Review of Grid-Scale Battery Energy Storage System Construction and Its Impact on Power System Stability and Reliability

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@article{1719988,
      author = {Mujeeb A Shittu, Ibukun Olaoluwa Adeniji, Habeeb Shittu, Oghenemaero Oteri},
      title = {A Systematic Review of Grid-Scale Battery Energy Storage System Construction and Its Impact on Power System Stability and Reliability},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {9},
      number = {4},
      pages = {2314-2326},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1719988.pdf},
      abstract = {The rapid integration of renewable energy sources into modern power systems has intensified the need for grid-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) to enhance stability, reliability, and operational flexibility. This paper presents a systematic review of grid-scale BESS construction and its impact on power system performance, with a focus on design methodologies, implementation strategies, and operational outcomes. The study synthesizes existing literature on BESS technologies, construction approaches, and grid integration frameworks to develop a comprehensive taxonomy of construction practices, including centralized, modular, and hybrid deployment models. It critically examines how construction design decisions—such as site selection, thermal management, system configuration, and power electronics integration—affect key performance metrics such as frequency regulation, voltage stability, and system resilience. The review identifies significant performance gaps associated with suboptimal construction practices, including inefficient energy dispatch, thermal instability, degradation acceleration, and reduced system reliability. These gaps are often linked to inadequate design standardization, lack of interoperability, and insufficient consideration of environmental and operational conditions. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a standardized evaluation framework that integrates technical, economic, and operational criteria for assessing BESS construction effectiveness. This framework incorporates metrics such as response time, round-trip efficiency, lifecycle cost, and fault tolerance to provide a holistic assessment of system performance. Furthermore, the study explores emerging trends in BESS construction, including the use of digital twins, advanced materials, and AI-driven optimization techniques to enhance system design and operation. Practical implications include improved grid stability, enhanced renewable energy integration, and optimized asset utilization. The findings contribute to the development of best practices for BESS construction and provide a foundation for future research and policy development aimed at strengthening power system resilience in the era of energy transition.},
      keywords = {Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), Grid Stability, Power System Reliability, Energy Storage Construction, Renewable Energy Integration, Smart Grid Technologies},
      month = {October},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I4-1719988}
  }