Comparative Analysis of Radiation Protection Measures Used in Both Government and Private Radio-diagnostics Facilities in Port Harcourt Metropolis

References

[1] Yurt, A., et al. (2022). Inclusion in systematic review: literacy in the scope of radiation protection for healthcare professionals exposed to ionizing radiation. In Literacy in the Scope of Radiation Protection for Healthcare Professionals Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 12(20), 2033.

[2] Hefzy, E. M., Wegdan, A. A., & Abdel Wahed, W. Y. (2016). Hospital outpatient clinics as a potential hazard for healthcare-associated infections. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 9(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2015.06.015⁠.

[3] Ibeziako, S. N., & Ibekwe, R. C. (2006). Knowledge and practice of universal precaution in a tertiary health facility. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 15(3), 250–254. https://doi.org/10.4314/njm.v15i3.37223⁠.

[4] Eze, C. U., Abonyi, L. C., Njoku, J., Irurhe, N. K., & Olowu, O. (2013). Assessment of radiation protection practices among radiographers in Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Journal, 54, 386–391.

[5] Eze, K. C., Nzotta, C. C., Marchie, T. T., Okegbunam, B., & Eze, T. E. (2014). Occupational radiation protection and monitoring in public and private facilities. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.

[6] Paul, E., Alzaydani, I. A., Al-Hakami, A., Chandramoorthy, H. C., et al. (2020). Healthcare workers' perspectives on healthcare-associated infections and infection control practices: A video-reflexive ethnography study in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9, 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00756-z.

[7] Nyirenda, D., ten Ham-Baloyi, W., Williams, R., & Venter, D. (2018). Knowledge and practices of radiographers regarding infection control in radiology departments in Malawi. Radiography, 24(3), e56–e60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2018.01.002⁠

[8] Osahon, O. D., & Bamidele, L. (2017). Evaluation of radiation doses from paediatric chest X-ray examination at three hospitals in South-West Nigeria. Physical Science International Journal, 15(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/PSIJ/2017/34269.

[9] Joseph, D. Z., Nkubli, F. B., & Christian, N. (2019). Radiation dose surveys for adult radiography examinations in two Nigerian hospitals [Conference presentation]. European Congress of Radiology (ECR), Vienna, Austria. EPOS. https://doi.org/10.26044/ECR2019/C-0085⁠.

[10] Sharma, M., Singh, A., Goel, S., & Satani, S. (2016). An evaluation of knowledge and practice towards radiation protection among radiographers of Agra city. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 4(6E), 2207–2210. ttps://doi.org/10.21276/SJAMS.2016.4.6.70⁠.

[11] Ogundara et al 2020Ogundare, F. O., Olarinoye, I. O., & Obed, R. I. (2009). Estimation of patients’ organ doses and conceptus doses from selected X-ray examinations in two Nigeria X-ray centres. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 132(4), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncn317 PubMed.

[12] Chiaghanam, N. O., Esien-Umo, E. O., Ogolodom, M. P., Asuquo, C., Maurice, C., Omita, E., Ugwuanyi, D. C., & Ezugwu, E. E. (2022). Safety of ionizing radiation in selected conventional X-ray diagnostic centres in Calabar and Uyo metropolises, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 18(21). https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n21p1.

[13] Nzotta, C. C., & Udeh, E. (2010). Shielding efficiency of lead and concrete: A comparative study. Journal of Radiographers of Nigeria.

[14] Luntsi, G., Ajikolo, A. B., Flaviuos, N. B., Nelson, L., Nwobi, C., Hassan, J. M., & Malgwi, F. A. (2016). Assessment of knowledge and attitude of nurses towards ionizing radiation during theatre/ward radiography. Journal of Nursing & Care, 5(3), 342. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1168.1000342.

[15] Okawele, K. N., Nathaniel, E. U., & Ekanem, A. M. (2024). Occupational radiation dose absorbed by radiographers in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Researchers Journal of Science and Technology, 4(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.83080/rejost.vol4no1.84⁠.

[16] Williams, I., Akpabio, I.-I., Precious, O., & Ray-Offor, O. D. (2024). Quantitative assessment of occupational radiation exposure in CT: A comparative study using two radiation survey meters for year-long dose monitoring of staff. International Journal of Radiology & Radiation Therapy, 11(3), 47–51. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijrrt.2024.11.00385⁠.

[17] Nwankwo, C. E. (2018). The effects of public health spending on maternal mortality in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(20), 141–152. � [Some characters in this reference could not be displayed correctly — please refer to the published PDF for the full reference.]

[18] Adeyemi, F. O., & Olofinlade, O. O. (2021). Reference person dose-area product and organ dose-area product estimates during pelvis radiography in some selected centres in Lagos conurbation, Nigeria. Radiation Science and Technology, 7(3), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20210703.15⁠

@article{1720105,
      author = {Oluchi Ogba Okpoto, Dr. Michael Promise Ogolodom, M. A. Briggs Kamara, Egop Brownson Egop},
      title = {Comparative Analysis of Radiation Protection Measures Used in Both Government and Private Radio-diagnostics Facilities in Port Harcourt Metropolis},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {1},
      pages = {3630-3641},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1720105.pdf},
      abstract = {Background: Radiographers, as healthcare workers bears the brunt of all the workplace hazards and as well faced with the most significant impact of occupational hazard due to the risk of poor and inadequate diagnostic machines, and poor knowledge regarding infection prevention measures. This study assessed and compared radiation protection measures in selected government and private radio-diagnostic facilities in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The study evaluated the availability of radiation protective equipment, compliance with radiation safety standards, and radiation dose levels in the selected facilities. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted using structured questionnaires and direct radiation measurements obtained with a survey meter. A total of 24 respondents participated in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The findings revealed that radiation protective equipment was generally available in both government and private facilities. Lead aprons were the most available protective devices, while thyroid shields were the least available, with only two recorded across all facilities. The mean availability score for radiation protective equipment was 1.60 ± 0.43 in government facilities and 1.63 ± 0.40 in private facilities. The mean radiation protection practice score was 3.62 ± 0.58 for government facilities and 3.60 ± 0.55 for private facilities. Independent sample t-test showed no statistically significant difference between government and private facilities in radiation protection practices (t = 0.03, p > 0.05), availability of equipment (t = 0.17, p > 0.05), and compliance with safety standards (t = 1.63, p > 0.05). However, one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference among the selected facilities (F = 256.96, p < 0.05. Conclusion: The study concludes that radiation protection measures were generally implemented in both facility types. However, improvements in equipment availability, monitoring, maintenance, and staff training are required to further enhance radiation safety practices.},
      keywords = {Equipment, Radiation Protection, Shielding},
      month = {July},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1720105}
  }