Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in River Benue at Jimeta-Yola

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@article{1720136,
      author = {Ibrahim Vanke, Salihu A. Abdulkadir, Japhet Mikailu},
      title = {Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in River Benue at Jimeta-Yola},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {1},
      pages = {3546-3553},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1720136.pdf},
      abstract = {This study evaluated the spatio-temporal variation of physicochemical water quality in River Benue along the Jimeta-Yola axis, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected monthly during the dry and rainy seasons of 2024 from three stations representing the upstream, midstream, and downstream reaches. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standard methods, and the data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at P < 0.05. Significant spatial and seasonal variations were observed for all measured parameters. Water temperature was higher during the dry season (28.2°C), whereas turbidity increased from 15.00 to 22.67 NTU during the rainy season. The downstream station recorded the highest turbidity (22.5 NTU), nitrate (4.75 mg/L), and biochemical oxygen demand (4.70 mg/L), while dissolved oxygen declined to 6.20 mg/L. Significant site × season interactions for temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and biochemical oxygen demand indicated intensified pollutant loading downstream during the rainy season. Although most parameters remained within World Health Organization and Nigerian drinking water guideline limits, the downstream Damare-Geriyo reach showed clear evidence of cumulative impacts from urban wastewater and agricultural runoff. Continuous water quality monitoring and improved watershed management are therefore recommended to protect the ecological health and water resource value of River Benue.},
      keywords = {River Benue, Physicochemical Water Quality, Spatio-Temporal Variation, Seasonal Dynamics, Anthropogenic Pollution, Watershed Management.},
      month = {July},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I1-1720136}
  }