Phytochemical Profiling and In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Nigerian Carica papaya Leaf Extract Against Adult Haemonchus contortus Isolated from Sheep in Northern Cyprus

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@article{1722116,
      author = {Sunday Onyebuchi Ukanwa, Joshua Tunde Olaifa, Miracle Oluwabukunmi Olaifa},
      title = {Phytochemical Profiling and In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Nigerian Carica papaya Leaf Extract Against Adult Haemonchus contortus Isolated from Sheep in Northern Cyprus},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {1233-1240},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722116.pdf},
      abstract = {The study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of both methanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Carica papaya in combating Haemonchus contortus, which serves as a well-established experimental model for helminthic infections. The purpose was to determine whether these plant extracts could offer a viable alternative or complement to conventional anthelminthic treatments. A total of thirty-six adult earthworms, measuring 3.5–5.0 cm in length, were collected from across sheep farms in Northern Cyprus. These worms were randomly allocated into nine experimental groups, with each group containing four worms. Fresh solutions were prepared immediately prior to the experiment, including 0.9% (w/v) normal saline as a control, and 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL concentrations of albendazole (control drug), as well as the ethanolic and aqueous bark extracts of Carica papaya leaves. Each group of worms was exposed to these solutions, and the time taken for paralysis and subsequent death was meticulously recorded in minutes. The methanolic leaf extract demonstrated a clear dose-dependent effect, with increasing concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/mL) producing progressively faster paralysis of the earthworms. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and expressed as mean ± SEM. Differences achieving P<0.01 were considered statistically significant, confirming the potency of the methanolic extract compared to the aqueous extract. The findings indicate that the methanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits superior anthelminthic activity compared to its aqueous counterpart. Moreover, when compared with the control drug albendazole, the methanolic extract demonstrated significant efficacy in immobilizing and killing Haemonchus contortus. These results support the potential use of Carica papaya leaves, particularly its methanolic extract, as a natural therapeutic agent for treating intestinal worm infections, highlighting its promise for further pharmacological development.},
      keywords = {Albendazole, Carica papaya, Haemonchus Contortus, Petri dish, Phytochemical},
      month = {August},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722116}
  }