The Enzymatic Gatekeepers of Glycemic Flux: Revisiting α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibition as a Cornerstone of Integrative Diabetes Management

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@article{1722189,
      author = {Bada, Sunday O.},
      title = {The Enzymatic Gatekeepers of Glycemic Flux: Revisiting α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibition as a Cornerstone of Integrative Diabetes Management},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2022},
      volume = {5},
      number = {9},
      pages = {815-830},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722189.pdf},
      abstract = {Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as one of the most significant public health crises of the 21st century, primarily characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin dynamics. A key therapeutic strategy is to slow carbohydrate digestion by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase. This study examines the structural biochemistry of these enzymes and evaluates the efficacy of current pharmacological inhibitors, including acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose. Projections indicate a global prevalence of 7,079 cases per 100,000 population by 2030, necessitating more effective and safer therapeutic interventions. Using in vitro enzymatic assays, including the dinitrosalicylic acid method and p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside (pNPG) analysis, we investigate the inhibitory potential of both synthetic and natural compounds. The research shows that while synthetic inhibitors effectively reduce HbA1c by 0.5–1.4%, significant gastrointestinal side effects limit their use. Natural phytochemicals, such as rosmarinic acid and eriodictyol, exhibit higher binding affinities in molecular docking studies than acarbose, offering a promising, milder inhibitory approach. This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of enzyme inhibition as a cornerstone of glucose homeostasis management.},
      keywords = {Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Acarbose, Phytochemicals, Rosmarinic Acid, Molecular Docking, Postprandial Hyperglycemia, Enzyme Inhibition.},
      month = {March},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV5I9-1722189}
  }